英语作文段落结构分析英语作文段落结构分析.doc

1． 什么是主题句？ 主题句（topic sentence）是表达段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意，要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。请看下例： My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Dont argue with parents; they will think you dont love them. Dont argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. Dont argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate. Dont argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mothers rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Dont argue. Our life today depends very much on energy. In towns and in villages, on farms and in factories, machines have made life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods -- everything. Factories and industrial plants use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell. 2 如何写好主题句？ （1）写好主题句中的关键词 关键词要尽量写得具体些。对“具体”的要求包括两个方面：一是要具体到能控制和限制段落的发展；二是要具体到能说明段落发展的方向。 原句1: He can fix a bicycle himself. 斜体部分应为主题句中的关键词。但它只是限制了段落发展的部分内容，并没有告诉读者该用哪种方法展开，是用因果关系法还是用分类法？ 修正：He can fix a bicycle himself in several simple steps. 　 修正：There are several reasons why he can fix a bicycle himself. 原句2: She tries to improve her looks. 斜体部分应为主题句中的关键词。她试着改变她面容的理由是什么？或者她采取什么方法来改善呢？我们无法从关键词中清楚得知。 修正：She tries many ways to improve her looks. 　 修正：There are some reasons why she tries to improve her looks。 （2）写好主题句的中心思想 Exercise is beneficial to your heart. A 22-year study was conducted by doctors in California. They found that people who work at physical jobs experience fewer heart attacks than other people. These active people work all the time at moderate speeds, their daily routine gives them an adequate amount of exercise and helps them stay in shape. Exercise is beneficial这是毫无疑义的。但主题句中如不加上to your heart来加以 control 和 limit，那就流于空泛。因此，紧紧把握主题句中controlling idea的导向和制约作用，是短文写作成功关键之一。（3）要注意主题的可写性所定的主题不能太笼统，也不能太具体。In Hemingways story “Soldier’s Home”，Krebs tells his mother that he wants no part of Gods Kingdom．这个句子太具体以至于无东西可写，无