美国经济专题10课件.pptVIP

OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries This graph illustrates the wide regional variations in prices of different energy products. However, this is not due to differences in crude prices, but to widely varying levels of taxation in the major consuming nations. The blue portion of the bar shows how much of the end price goes to oil producers, the yellow is what goes to refineries, and the red indicates the amount attributable to government taxes. Tax levels can range from relatively low in USA to very high in many European countries. In the UK, for example, the government receives substantially more from taxation than what OPEC gets from the sale of its oil. 9. The U.S. Trade Deficit At the same time, the United States began to feel shifts in international competitiveness. By the late 1970s, many countries, particularly newly industrializing countries, were growing increasingly competitive in international export markets. South Korea, Hong Kong, Mexico, and Brazil, among others, had become efficient producers of steel, textiles, footwear, auto parts, and many other consumer products. 9. The U.S. Trade Deficit In 1975, U.S. exports had exceeded foreign imports by $12,400 million, but that would be the last trade surplus the United States would see in the 20th century. By 1987, the American trade deficit had swelled to $153,300 million. 10. History of the U.S. Trade Deficit The trade gap began sinking in subsequent years as the dollar depreciated and economic growth in other countries led to increased demand for U.S. exports. But the American trade deficit swelled again in the late 1990s. 10. History of the U.S. Trade Deficit sinking 沉没的，减少的 subsequent 后来的，并发的 depreciate 贬值，折旧 Once again, the U.S. economy was growing faster than the economies of Americas major trading partners, and Americans consequently were buying foreign goods at a faster pace than people in other countries were buying American goods. 10. History of the U.S. Trade Deficit consequ