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-----第一阶段----第二讲　被动语态 　　被动语态的构成：主语+系动词+动词的过去分词形式。如果需要说明施动者，则由介词by引出，置于动词的过去分词之后。 　　The foundation of knowledge must be laid by reading. 　　The horizon of life is broadened by the enlargement of the heart. 　　1.被动语态的一般用法　　（1）A man of honor is highly thought of.　　Colonel Sanders was refused l,009 times before he heard his first yes.　　The things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought.　　（2）Love cannot be compelled.　　Character can be learned and developed.　　2.用于各种时态的被动语态　　常见的包括以下九种：　　（1）一般现在时的被动语态　　基本模式为is（am，are） done。 　　举例：Books must be read.　　The war must be fought.　　All human activity is prompted by desire.　　I don’t know who my grandfather was.Im much more concerned to know what his grandson will be.　　（2）一般过去时的被动语态 　　基本模式为was（were） done。　　举例：The room was cleaned by me yesterday.　　Because of friends I met along the way, my journey was kept alive.　　We were taught how to respond to adversity. 　　（3）一般将来时的被动语态 　　基本模式为will（shall） be done。　　举例：You will be married next year.　　Today’s work will be surpassed tomorrow.　　（4）现在进行时的被动语态　　基本模式为is（am，are） being done。 　　I am always being urged by my purpose.　　We’re being judged by a new yardstick：not just by how smart we are，but also by how well we handle ourselves and each other.　　（5）过去进行时的被动语态 　　基本模式为was（were） being done.　　举例：He was being beaten when I saw him.　　They felt new passions were being born.　　（6）现在完成时的被动语态 　　基本模式为has（have） been done。　　举例：The room has been cleaned.　　（7）过去完成时的被动语态　　基本模式为had been done。　　Eric had not been born with a special talent，but he later became a SUCCESS.　　（8）将来完成时的被动语态　　基本模式为will have been done。　　Your character will have been completed by the time your life comes to an end.　　（9）过去将来时的被动语态 　　基本模式为would be done。　　He said he would be loved if he loved others.　　3.It is done that…句型　　常用于该句型的动词包括：　　acknowledge（承认）　　admit（承认）　　　　advise（建议）　　agree（同意）　　　　　allege（宜称）　　　announce（宣布）　　anticipate（预期）　　 arrange（安排：商定）assume（以为）　　be