Chapter 1 The Renaissance PeriodChapter 1 The Renaissance Period.docxVIP

Chapter 1 The Renaissance PeriodThe Renaissance marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval(中世纪) to the modern world.时间：It refers to the period between the 14th 17th centuries.地点：It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. 起因：The Renaissance, which means rebirth or revival,(复兴) is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events(历史事件), such as the re-discovery of ancient Roman Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography astrology (占星术), the religious reformation the economic expansion.目的：(1) to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe古代封建思想(2) to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie资产阶级(3) to recover purity of early church from corruption of Roman Catholic Church罗马天主教6. The Renaissance in Britain1) Domestic unrest (The Wars of Rose) Peace (The establishment of Tudors) Henry VIII (1509~1547) Golden Age in Literature The literary giants: Shakespeare, Spenser, Jonson, Sidney, Marlow, Bacon, and Donne 2) Henry VIII → religious reformation and cultural development(1) A steady increase in the national power + the entrance of the religious reformation from the Continent: Martin Luther; Henry VIII’s marriage; Catholicism and Protestantism (天主教与新教); Elizabeth I (Protestantism, firmly established, compromise); Class struggle (bourgeoisie and feudal class).(2) Strong national feeling + the cultural development in English: Classical culture Italian humanistic ideas; W. Caxton: first to introduce printing into England3) First Period: Imitation and assimilationPetrarch: 英国作家都尊意大利作家彼德拉克为文学的源泉；爱情诗Wyatt Surrey: engrave the forms and graces of Italian poetry upon native stock (将意大利是个中的韵味与形式深入自己的作品当中)；Wyatt：Introduce the Petrarchan sonnet into England (将十四行诗引进英国)；Surrey：Introduce blank verse (无韵体诗), i.e. the unrhymed iambic pentameter line (不押韵的五音步抑扬隔诗行) Sidney: sestina and terza rima (隔行押韵)Marlowe: give new vigor to the blank verse with his mighty lines