UNIX基础培训41343.pptVIP

Unix  Introduction Course Overview What is an Operating System? Layered System Multi-user, Multitasking system History UNIX File System UNIX File System System Initialization (Boot process) Load and initialize the kernel Device detection and configuration Creation of system processes (init) Execution of system startup scripts (/etc/init.d) Security Login environment Super user (root) id Some Basics man pages, ‘apropos’ command Shell commands vs. Unix commands (‘type’/’which’ command) System identification uname hostname Communication who, ‘who am i’ finger write talk Shell Basics Built-in Commands Environment Variables Commands C shell: % setenv NAME value Bourne shell: $ NAME=value; export NAME $PS1 The primary prompt string, Bourne shell only (defaults to $) $PS2 The secondary prompt string, Bourne shell only (defaults to ) $LOGNAME The name you login with, e.g. frank $USER Your username, e.g. frank $HOME Path to your home directory, e.g. /home/frank $TERM Your terminal type, e.g. xterm $SHELL The login shell youre using, e.g. /usr/bin/csh $PATH Paths to be searched for commands, e.g. /usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/usr/local/bin Special Variables $$ - Shell process id $? – exit status of the last command Positional parameters ($1, $2…) – Bourne Shell Shell Basics The Bourne Shell, sh /etc/profile - $HOME/.profile Use name = value and export to set env variables Source a file using the . command as in . $HOME/.profile Functions Example: ll() { ls -al $@;} The C Shell, csh /etc/csh.cshrc - ~/.cshrc - ~/.login set and setenv to set env variables ~ indicates home directory ~user indicates home directory of user source command sources a file as in “source ~/.profile” Shell Basics Job Control Background a process using ‘’ appended to the end as in ‘grablog.sh ’ Can also do by typing ^Z (Control-Z) to suspend the job and then ‘bg’ Use ‘fg’ to bring a background process to the foreground ‘jobs’ command to list the background tasks. Use %n to control the listed proces