重庆烟田连作营养障碍研究总结.docVIP

2008年度重庆市烟草专卖局科技攻关项目 烟田连作营养障碍机理研究与应用 研究进展报告 国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地 （National Tobacco Cultivation Physiology Biochemistry Research Center） 摘　要：通过开展重庆市烟田连作土壤营养缺失及其修复机制的研究，探索连作烟田矿质营养恢复的途径和解除烟株连作营养障碍的方法。初步实验结果表明，烟田连作后pH值下降，容易导致土壤酸化；随连作年限延长，土壤有机质含量会逐年下降，在一个生育期内土壤中有机质含量同样表现为逐渐降低；土壤中全氮、全磷、全钾含量随连作年限延长表现出不同程度的升高（PKN），头茬和重茬含量变化不明显，漏茬和多茬含量明显上升；土壤中速效磷、钾含量随连作逐年降低，且降低程度PK（速效态磷含量下降约14%-24%，速效态钾含量约下降5%-14%），速效态氮含量略有上升；石柱和南川植烟土壤碳酸钙含量随连作变化不明显，但在奉节重茬时变化较大；这三个烟区土壤交换性硫和镁含量均随连作年限的增加而递减，且碳酸钙含量、交换性硫含量和交换性镁含量在生育期内呈递减趋势；土壤中主要微量元素铁、锰、锌、铜、钼、硼和氯的有效态含量比较低，变化规律不如大量元素明显，但有随连作年限的增加而递减的趋势，在生产中应当注意对这些元素的及时补充。另外，随连作年限的增加，烟株株高和烟株节距有明显的减小趋势，多茬株高相比头茬降低幅度在10%上下，而连作对茎围的影响不很明显；烟叶产量、产值、中上等烟比例均有不同幅度的下降；烟叶中烟碱、蛋白质、总氮含量均出现明显增加趋势，总糖、还原糖含量有明显的下降趋势；钾、氯含量变化不明显；烟叶中两糖比、糖氮比明显下降，氮碱比、钾氯比变化不显著，但是表现为重茬小于头茬，漏茬大于头茬，多茬小于头茬的规律。 关键词：连作；土壤营养；烟叶 【Abstract】Through the study of soil nutrient deficiency and its repair mechanisms on tobacco field continuous cropping obstacles in the city of Chongqing , this project mainly explored the way of mineral nutrition for the resumption in the tobacco fields and the releasing to nutrition disorders in continuous cropping obstacles of tobacco plant. Preliminary results showed that after the tobacco field continuous cropping the pH decreased, easily leading to soil acidification; with the extension of cropping years ,soil organic matter content would decrease year by year, and in a growth period soil organic matter content gradually reduced meanwhile; soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium content increased differently with the extension of cropping year , P K N, the content in the first and second stubbles had no obvious changes , and the third and multiple stubbles rised significantly ; available phosphorus and potassium content lowered year after year , the level of reducing : P K (available phosphorus content dropped by about 14% -24%, available potassium content about 5% -14%), and available nitrogen had a slight increase in content ; in Shizhu and Nanchuan the content of