烟叶(梗)有机肥对土壤养分微生物量酶活性和花菜产质量的影响.docxVIP

烟叶（梗）有机肥对土壤肥力、酶活性和花菜产质量的影响王亚麒1，耿明明1，魏立本1，袁玲，易忠经2，张长华2(1.西南大学资源环境学院，重庆北碚 400715 2.贵州省遵义市烟草公司，贵州遵义 563000)摘要: 烘烤和复烤产生大量的废弃烟叶（梗），无害化处理与资源化利用很有必要。试验利用高温纤维菌（Clostridium thermocellum, sp）腐熟废弃烟叶（梗）生产有机肥，设置不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（CF）、单施烟叶（梗）有机肥（TOF）、化肥配施烟叶（梗）有机肥（CF+TOF）等4种田间处理，研究了烟叶（梗）有机肥对土壤养分、微生物量、酶活性和玉米产量品质的影响。施用CF+TOF的土壤中，花菜花球成型和成熟期的有效氮、磷、钾含量最高，与花球形成需要养分较多相协调，有益于满足花球营养需要。与CK和CF相比，CF+TOF和TOF显著提高土壤微生物量碳氮，说明烟叶（梗） 有机肥促进微生物生长繁殖，数量增加。施用CF+TOF和TOF还提高土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性，有益于土壤有机质循环、氮磷养分转化，活性氧消除。随花菜生长发育，土壤酶活性提高与气温上升，使土壤微生物数量增加，活性增强有关。施用CF+TOF后，花菜的产量、粗蛋白和淀粉含量分别比CF提高31.51%、31.6%和24.29%。因此，腐熟废弃烟叶（梗）可提供有机肥源，化肥配施烟叶（梗）有机肥改善土壤养分状况，促进微生物生长繁殖，增强土壤酶活性，提高花菜产量品质。关键词: 废弃烟叶（梗）有机肥；土壤微生物；花菜；酶活性；Effects of organic fertilizer made from waste tobacco leaves and petioles on nutrients, microbes, enzyme activities in soil and grain yield and quality of Brassica oleracea L.Wang Yaqi, Wei Liben, Yi Zhongjing, Zhang Changhua, Yuan Ling College of Natural Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715; 2. Zunyi Tobacco company, Zunyi 563000Abstract: Large amount of waste tobacco leaves and petioles are produced in curing and redrying. It is necessary to treat harmlessly and utilize these wastes as an organic source. The present experiment, therefore, was carried out to rotten the waste tobacco leaves and petioles by Clostridium thermocellum, sp, and then to study the effect of fertilization treatments (blank control, CK; sole chemical fertilizer, CF; CF + organic fertilizer made from these tobacco wastes, CF+TOF; and TOF) on nutrients, microbes, enzyme activities in soil, and maize grain yield and qualities. The results showed that soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were highest in jointing, booting, and maturing stages of maize, which synchronized with the plant nutrient requirement. Compared to CK and CF, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were increased by both CF+TOF and TOF, indicating the stimulation of TOF on the growth and reproduction of microbes that led to the i