现代桥梁损诊断与维护技术.docVIP

现代桥梁损伤诊断与维护技术 摘要:既有桥梁总会存在着不同程度的结构累积损伤, 这不但影响桥梁的正常运营,而且会危及结构的使用安全。常规桥梁承载能力试验与新近发展起来的健康监测技术都很难独自对会导致桥梁脆性破坏的损伤累积进行有效检测。因此,提出基于损伤机理的结构损伤安全评定方法的设想,采用局部无损探测和整体、长期健康监测相结合的损伤判断、 定位技术,在正确诊断桥梁损伤基础上,综合应用基于损伤力学、疲劳断裂、可靠度理论等多种方法和理论进行损伤安全评定。因此本文根据实时安全评定结果, 按照不同桥梁结构的损伤特点,即时给出桥梁维护管理对策,以便桥梁管理部门采取相应措施保障桥梁安全使用。 关键词: 桥梁、损伤、安全评定、维护管理策略 Modern bridge damage diagnosis and maintenance technology Abstract: There is always a different level structure of cumulative damage of bridge, this will not only affect the normal operation of bridges, but will also endanger the structure of safety. General carrying capacity of bridge health monitoring of the test and the newly developed technology of is difficult alone can lead to brittle failure of bridges for effective detection of cumulative damage. Therefore, make safety evaluation method of structural damage based on damage mechanism envisaged adopting nondestructive detection and overall, long-term health monitoring of local damage judgments, the combination of positioning technology, in correct diagnosis of bridge damage on the basis of integrated application based on damage mechanics, fatigue fracture reliability theory, and a variety of methods and theory in safety assessment of damage. Therefore this article according to the assessment results in real time, in accordance with the different characteristics of bridge structure damage, instant for bridge maintenance and management countermeasures in order to bridge in bridge management sector, to take appropriate measures to ensure the safe use. Key words: bridge; damage; safety assessment ; maintenance management 　strategy 0 引言 既有桥梁总会存在着不同程度的结构累积损伤,这不但影响桥梁的正常运营,而且会危及结构的使用安全。 国内外多座桥梁的突然破坏与倒塌(见表一) 表 1　桥梁失效 Tab. 1　Bridge failure cases 桥名 桥型 事故时间 事故简况 失效原因 美国 Kings 桥 钢桥 1962 倒塌 疲劳脆断 美国Point Pleasant 桥 吊桥 1967 倒塌 疲劳脆断 英国 Yuys-y-Gwas 桥 混凝土梁桥 1985 倒塌 预应力筋锈蚀 美国乔治·华盛顿桥 吊桥 1992 纽约侧锚锭内主,缆近70%丝股腐蚀严重 主缆腐蚀 韩国圣水大桥 斜拉桥 1994 中孔崩塌 疲劳断裂 广州海印大桥 斜拉桥 1995 一根斜拉索突然断落 斜拉索锈蚀 帕劳岛桥 预应力混凝土梁桥 1996 倒塌 力筋腐蚀 重庆綦江彩虹