chapter 8 120-126.docVIP

CHAPTER 8 The Changing Roles of Safety Personnel 人员安全角色的转变 Traditionally, fire engines were red；now many are being painted yellow．Safety personnel’s roles，capabilities，and training have also changed with time，as technologies advance and needs for accident prevention increase．Technical personnel who were concerned with preventing injury and damage in early safety efforts were interested in a comparatively narrow range of problems．Sir Humphrey Davy’s miner’s 1amp can be considered the first technical advance in accident prevention that was deliberately sought because a hazard urgently needed controlling. Since then, other inventors have turned to accident prevention and thereby have become safety personnel． 一般来说，消防车都是红颜色的，但现在都被装扮成黄色的了。安全人员的作用，技能和培训都在随着时间推移而变化，随着技术的进步和预防事故需要的增加而变化。那些在早期安全领域参与到预防伤害和损害的技术人员仅对相对狭窄范围的问题感兴趣。戴维爵士的“矿工灯”被视为在事故预防方面的第一次技术改进，这种改进也是因为迫切的要对某个危险源进行控制而特意寻求的。自那时起，其他发明家也转向事故预防，并且因此成为安全人员。 deliberately（故意地） 0ne hundred years ago, when some of the major U.S. industrial companies became concerned，most of the causes of accidents (aside from fires) were mechanical. Pictures of machine shops of those days show them crowded with equipment operated by flatbelts from overhead lineshafts．Belts and machines were generally unguarded, constant hazards to the workers．Industrial plants were dangerous places for other reasons．Rupturing boilers and disintegrating flywheels on steam engines were violent, catastrophic failures which frequently generated devastating injuries and damage in the crowded facilities． 一百年前，当美国一些主要的工业企业开始认为，大多数事故的原因（除了火灾）都是源于机械生产。从当时的机械工厂的图片可以看出，工人们与设备拥挤在一起，通过高架的总轴平皮带来操作。皮带和机器通常无人看守，不断危害到工人安全.之所说工厂是危险的地方还有其他方面原因。蒸汽机锅炉破裂及飞轮碎裂都是突发的，灾难性故障，往往在设备拥挤的地方产生毁灭性的伤害和破坏。 flatbelt平皮带 lineshafts总轴 AS science，invention，and industry entered new fields，new safety problems arose．Generally these involved new hazards，which first became known as scientists and inventors created and sometimes suffered from them．But even the scientists, and later the engine