第二章 生物学.ppt

第二章 生物学特性Chapter2 Biological Characteristic 一,本章重点是基本概念和名词: 1.两性生殖sexual reproduction 2.孤雌生殖parthenogenesis 3.幼体生殖paedogenesis 4.多胚生殖polyembryony 5.变态metamorphosis 6.龄期stadium or instar 7.羽化emergence 8.补充营养supply nourishment 9.多型现象polymorphism 10.世代,世代重叠generation overlapping 11.休眠dormancy,滞育diapause 12.日出性diurnal insect和夜出性昆虫nocturnal insect 13.趋性taxis,迁飞flying 14.变态类型,卵的类型,根据刺激源可将趋性分为什么? 第二章 生物学特性Chapter2 Biological Characteristic 二. 昆虫的生长与发育 The Growth and Development of Insects Eggs: Insect eggs differ in shape and color, and some are ornamented with ridges, spines, or other processes. Most insects lay their eggs in a situation where the young on hatching will have conditions suitable for development. Many lay their eggs in characteristic masses, and a few cover their eggs with a protective material of some sort. The eggs of some insects develop internally, and the young are born alive. Growth: The Growth of an insect is accompanied by a series of molts, in which the exoskeleton (outer shell) is shed and renewed. Insects change in form as they grow, and the amount and character of this differ from group to group. This change is called metamorphosis(变态). 第二章 生物学特性Chapter2 Biological Characteristic 二. 昆虫的生长与发育(egg larva pupa adult) The Growth and Development of Insects 变态(metamorphosis): Successive instars differ not only in size but in other features as well. This change during growth (metamorphosis) is relatively slight in some insects, very marked in others. There are 2 principal types of metamorphosis---simple and complete. Simple metamorphosis: In this type the wing develop externally during the early instars, compound eyes are present in the early instars if they are present in the adult, and there is no prolonged resting stage before the last molt. The immature instars of insects with this type of metamorphosis are called nymphs. Complete metamorphosis: The eggs of insects with complete metamorphosis hatch into a wormlike stage