高中英语学习基础必备—句子成分分析.docVIP

初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二 简单句的句子成份分析 主语、谓语、宾语、定语 句子的基本成份分析是高中英语语法学习的基础准备。不会分析句子成份，高中阶段的主要语法的学习如定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语等就会显得十分困难。 一．句子的主要成份与次要成份 [讲解] 句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。主和谓语部分句子的次要成分宾语定语状语表语等。主语句子的主体，是谓语陈述说明的对象。充当主语的名词代词数词从句’s health. 主语由动名词swimming来充当 Walking his pet dog every day is his favorite. 主语由动名词短语Walking his pet dog every day来充当 What he said hurt me greatly. 主语由what he said这一主语从句来充当 [练习] 在以下句子的主语部分加下划线并在括号内写出充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子。 You, he and I are all senior school students. Nothing is more important than EQ. To learn a foreign language calls for patiences. Being honest will pay. Where his mother will go is a secret. 三、谓语以及充当谓语的动词 [讲解] 谓语说明主语的的动作、行为、特征或状态，谓语动词说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息往往由下列词语依序排列构成：情态动词+时态助动词+语态助动词+主要动词 making much noise in the classroom now. are making作谓语 We will stay at the school at the weekend. will stay作谓语 Many flowers will have been planted by the end of the year.（will have been planted作谓语） [练习] 将以下句子的谓语动词部分划线 The old lady keeps healthy by taking exercise every day. Our old books have been sold out already. Does he go to work at eight ? Are you watching football games now? You shall be bought a new MP4 player next month. 四、宾语及充当宾语的词性、形式、短语或句子 [讲解]宾语表示行为的对象放在及物动词或者介词之后充当语的名词代词数词从句’s stop ______ 工作 and go out for a change. 5. Can you understand ______ ______ ______ 我所说的话 just now? 五、定语及充当定语的词性、形式、短语或句子 定语用来修饰或限制名词或代词。可用作定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格、分词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、副词、介词短语及从句等。例如： （1）名词作定语：A book cover, a coffee cup, a table leg, a mountain plant （2）形容词 短语 作定语: an attractive sight, people alive, the students present at the meeting （3）副词 短语 作定语: The students here work hard. The book over there is his. （4）介词短语作定语: The pencil-bos on the desk is mine. （5） 动名词、分词（短语）定语: He is a walking dictionary Do you know the boy standing outside the classroom? I like novels written by Luxun. （6）不定式（短语）: Is there anything to eat? （7）定语从句: The bookcase that was bought yesterday is cheap. [练习] 将下列句中作定语的部分划线. 1.I need a book cover. 2.John is a handsome