Synonymy.pptVIP

Synonymy--Synonym--Synonymous Definition Expressions with the same meaning are synonymous The definition does not restrict the relation of synonymy to lexemes Lexically simple expressions may have the same meaning as lexically complex expressions. The definition makes identity, not merely similarity, of meaning the criterion of synonymy. Lexeme 词位 : the smallest unit in the meaning system of a language that can be distinguished from other similar units, and it is regarded as the same lexeme even when inflected. e.g. give--gives, gaven, giving *white paper 白皮书 , bury the hatchet 和解 , etc. are seen as lexemes. Near-synonyms Expressions that are more or less similar but not identical, in meaning. similar: alike: sharing some qualities, but not identical identical: alike in every way: exactly the same as or equal to something else, or alike in every respect Near-synonyms Mist: thin fog--a thin gray cloud of water droplets that condenses in the atmosphere just above the ground Fog: thick mist--condensed water vapor in the air at or near ground level Fog ground fog; costal fog; dense fog... smog; mist; drizzling mist... Stream: small river--a narrow and shallow river Brook: small stream--a small freshwater stream Types of Synonymy Absolute synonymy Partial synonymy Absolute Synonymy Three conditions to be absolute synonyms all their meanings are indentical they are synonymous in all contexts collocation range--the set of context an expression can occur synonyms should have the same collocation range a big mistake √---a large mistake X they are semantically equivalent on all dimensions of meaning, descriptive meaning expressive meaning fatherland--motherland; wordformation--wordbuilding----proper noun Descriptive or propositional meaning-- language can be used to make descriptive statements which are true or false according to whether the propositions that they express are true or false---closely to the truth-conditional theory of semantics Expres