available-过去分词短语作状语.pptVIP

V-ed 作状语 1 意义及位置 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态。表示被动或完成的动作。多放在句首，也可以放在句中句末。 2 用法 表示时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，伴随等状语，可以转化为相应的状语从句。 Eg 1) Seen (=when it is seen ) from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden. ----时间状从 2） Deeply moved (=Because he was deeply moved) by his words, Tom agreed to go with him.---原因状从 3) Given (=If I were given) more time, I would do the job much better.---条件状从 4）Encouraged (=Although he is encouraged ) by his parents, he still lacks confidence.----让步状从 5) 表示方式或伴随情况，如果有连词as 或 as if , 转化为as 或 as if 引导的方式状从; Don’t ask why; just do as told (=you are told) 若无连词，则转化为并列句 Hearing the news, he turned away, disappointed.(=and he was disappointed) 3 过去分词与句子主语之间的关系 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致，过去分词与句子主语通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系 有些过去分词或短语来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而是表示主语的状态。 如 seated, hidden, lost in, dressed in, faced with, absorbed in，exposed to, devoted to, interested in, excited about, disoppinted with, determined to, prepared for, buried in… 4 从属连词+过去分词 过去分词作状语时，可在分词之前加上某些从属连词，表示强调。常用的有if , unless, when , as if, once, even if , as though . 此结构实际是状语从句的省略。当状从的主语和句子的主语保持一致，而且状从的谓语动词是被动时，可以省略从句的主语和动词be. Eg ①Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. ②Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. ③ I won’t attend his birthday party unless invited. 注意 1 过去分词表示逻辑上的动宾关系， 现在分词表示逻辑上的主谓关系。 Seen from the tower, our city looks more beautiful. Seeing from the top of the tower, we can get a wonderful view of our city. 2 过去分词短语作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子保持一致。 Eg Finished their homework, the children went out to play football. 更正 ① Their homework finished, the children went out to play football. ②Having finished their homework, the children went out to play football. ③ After the children finished their homework, they went out to play football. ④ with their homework finished, the children went out to play football. 3 有些含有分词短语的固定插入语，其逻辑主语不要求与句子主语一致。这类词常见的有: judging from (根据……来判断) generally/frankly/exactly speaki