分词、动名词-新.ppt

 II. Participle 1. Simple participle Functions: (1) Attribute Note: Generally, the single participle is in front of the word it modifies, while the participle phrase is after the word it modifies. ● Wind is moving air. 风是运动的空气。 ● Fig. 6 is a photograph of a freely falling body. 图6显示了一个自由落体的照片。 Note 1: Sometimes, a single participle may act as a post-modifier (most for stress of the action) e.g. ● the voltage applied — 外加电压 ● the current flowing — 流动的电流 ● the force acting — 作用的力 Note 2: Some attributes of participles are not translated as attributes, but in the order of their position in a clause . ● Voltage is equal to current multiplied by resistance. 电压等于电流乘以电阻。 ● Speed is equal to distance divided by time. 速度等于距离除以时间。 ● An increased bandwidth will also contain additional noise. 增加带宽，也会增加噪声。 （注：带宽解释在下页） Background knowledge: 计算机中的带宽 一、表示频带宽度 　　信号的带宽是指该信号所包含的各种不同频率成分所占据的频率范围。频宽对基本输出入系统 (BIOS ) 设备尤其重要，如快速磁盘驱动器会受低频宽的总线所阻碍。 二、表示通信线路所能传送数据的能力 在单位时间内从网络中的某一点到另一点所能通过的“最高数据率”。对于带宽的概念，比较形象的一个比喻是高速公路。单位时间内能够在线路上传送的数据量，常用的单位是bps(bit per second)。计算机网络的带宽是指网络可通过的最高数据率，即每秒多少比特。 (2) Adverbial a. Before the subject, it functions as condition, time, reason, concession or further explanation of the subject. ● Often called a chain hoist（链式起重机）, this device is used to lift heavy objects in factories. 通常把这种设备称为链式 起重机，在工厂用它 来提起重物。 b. Between the subject and the predicate ● Heat, being energy, can be measured in foot-pounds or joules or ergs. 由于热是能量，所以可以用英尺-磅或用焦耳或尔格来度量。 c. At the end of a sentence, it functions as further statement, result, condition, manner, or reason ● Silver is the best conductor, followed by copper. 银是最好的导体，其次是铜。 (3) Predicative ● The surface of the water becomes covered with waves. 水面布满水波。 ● The iron bar has become magnetized. 这个铁棒已经磁化。 (4) Complement ● The driver’s object is to keep the automobile travelling in the c