The Tigris-Euphrates marshlands formation reason.pptVIP

The Tigris-Euphrates marshlands formation reason Iraq‘s southern end of the Tigris River(底格里斯河） and the Euphrates River together the watershed area of about 20，000 square kilometers, almost the fertile marsh expanse. Here all the year round perched hundreds of unique fauna（珍禽奇兽） is rich in fish, shrimp and other. According to scholars of the Old Testament Bible （旧约《圣经》）marsh is described in “ the garden of eden ”（伊甸园）. But after years of endless war, in this vibrant wetland, Yumizhixiang, now most of the region has become a terrible desert, but the situation is worsening Draining of portions of the marshes began in the 1950s and continued through the 1970s to reclaim land for agriculture and oil exploration However, in the late 1980s and 1990s, during the presidency of Saddam Hussein , this work was expanded and accelerated to evict Shia Muslims from the marshes. Before 2003, the marshes were drained to 10% of their original size. After the fall of Saddams regime in 2003, the marshes have partially recovered but drought along with upstream dam construction and operation in Turkey , Syria and Iran have hindered the process ●Wetland a powerful ecological purification role, and thus have a reputation of “kidney of the earth“ (地球之肾). ●Under the dual pressure of population explosion（人口爆炸）and economic development, in the late 20th century, a large number of wetlands is transformed into farmland, narrowed significantly and excessive resource exploitation and pollution, wetland area, wetland species has been severely damaged. Wetlands are an important, unique, multifunctional ecosystem, it plays an extremely important role in the global ecological balance. Mesopotamian Marshes 2000-2009 the Euphrates Tigris marshlands disappearance During the war, Sadam developed a huge plan : Changing the bottom of Griess River and the Euphrates River flows, draining the swamp The role of the Tigris-Euphrates marshlands Wetland has great economic benefit, social benefit