英汉对比——词.ppt

2. Collocation (搭配) To cut wheat 割麦子 To cut cake 切蛋糕 To cut fingernails 剪（修）指甲 2. Collocation He wore dark glasses, and thick jersey, and stopped up his ears with cotton wool. 他戴黑眼镜，穿厚毛衣，耳朵里塞了棉花。 Some Americans walk across the border simply to fuel up on flavorful Mexican food and beer. 一些美国人越过国境线，只是为了吃点可口的墨西哥食物，喝点墨西哥啤酒。 But his attack was always repulsed by a kick or a blow from a stick. 但是他每冲一次，不是让人一脚踢了回去，就是让人一棍子打了回去。 3. Word Order (词序) 英语和汉语句子中主要成分主语、谓语动词、宾语或表语的词序基本上是一致的。但是各种定语的位置和各种状语的次序在英、汉语中则有同有异，变化较多，所以英、汉语词序的比较，主要是指定语、状语位置异同的比较。 3. Word Order 定语的位置 3. Word Order 1、单词作定语 a research-oriented hospital something important the banker’s little garden the ancient Chinese alchemists a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar 一个要饭的，身材短小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛，瘸腿，满脸胡子  2、短语作定语 A building project of high-rise apartment houses (post) 一个多层公寓大楼的建筑项目(pre) A candidate with little chance of success (post) 一个当选希望极微的候选人 (pre) Particles moving round their atomic uncleus (post) 环绕原子核运动的粒子 (pre) The decimal system of counting (post) 十进制计算法 (post) 3. Word Order 状语的位置 3. Word Order 3. Word Order (1) 英语中单词状语修饰形容词或其他状语时，常放在它所修饰的形容词或状语的前面，这一点与汉语相同。 John did not distinguish himself as a student, but he was very active in class. (pre) 单词作状语 3. Word Order 2) 英语中单词状语修饰动词时，一般放在动词之后，而在汉语里则放在动词之前。 Modern science and technology are developing rapidly. (post) 现代科学技术正在迅速发展。 (3) 英语中表示程度的状语在修饰状语时可前置也可后置，而在汉语中一般都前置。 The molecules of a gas are moving about extremely fast in all directions. (pre) 气体的分子非常迅速地向四面八方运动着。 He is running fast enough. (post) 他跑得够快了。 单词作状语 3. Word Order （1）英语中短语状语可放在被修饰得的动词之前或后，译成汉语时，大多数放在被修饰的动词之前，但也有放在后面的，视汉语的习惯而定。 Then with a bag of toys and books we walked across the garden in the gray light of the dawn. (pre) 我们提着一口袋玩具和书籍，在晨曦中穿过了花园。 短语作状语 3. Word Order He was quick to use self-depreciating humor to throw anyone off the scent. (post) 为了迷惑别人，他机灵地说些自我挖苦的笑话。 A jeep, full, sped fast, drenching me in spray. (post) 一辆坐满人的吉普车疾驶而过，溅了我一身水。 North American viewer