汽车常用术语.docx

汽车常用术语1、汽车类型：the type of automobile?汽车：motor vehicle，automobile?载货车：truck? ?? ?? ?? ?微型货车：mini-truck? ? 轻型货车：light-truck???中型货车：medium truck??重型货车：heavy truck? ? 越野车：off-road vehicle?自卸车：dump truck? ?? ?牵引车：towing vehicle?专用汽车：special purpose vehicle? ?? ?客车：bus? ? 轿车：passenger car?微型轿车：mini-car? ?? ?普通级轿车：subcompact car 中级轿车：compact car?中高级轿车：intermediatecar? ? 高级轿车：limousine car?2、汽车尺寸：dimension of vehicle?车长：vehicle length? ?? ?车宽：vehicle width? ?? ???车高：vehicle height?轴距：wheel space? ?? ???轮距：track? ?? ?? ?? ???前悬：front overhang?后悬: rear overhang? ?? ?最小离地间隙：ground clearance?车轮外倾：camberangle??主销内倾:??kingpininclination??前束 toe-in?3、发动机：engine?发动机总体构造和工作原理：the construction and working principle?汽油机gasoline engine? ? 柴油机 diesel engine???四冲程发动机four-stroke engine??单(多)缸发动机 single(multi)-cylinder engine??立（斜、卧）式发动机 vertical (inclined、horizontal) engine?工作循环 working process?进气（压缩、膨胀、排气）行程 suction(compression、 expansion 、exhaust) stroke 点火次序 firing order? ?? ?? ?? ???上（下）止点 top(bottom) dead centre???活塞行程 piston stroke? ?? ?? ?? ?气缸工作容积 piston swept volume?发动机排量 engine swept volume? ? 充气系数 volumetric efficiency?配气相位 valve timing? ?? ?? ?? ?压缩比 compression ratio?直接喷射 direct injection? ?? ?? ? 间接喷射 indirect injection?喷油压力??injection pressure? ?? ???电控喷射 electronic-controlled injection?雾化 atomization? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?混合气浓度 mixture concentration?可燃混合气 combustible mixture? ? 空燃比 air-fuel ratio?过量空气系数 excess air ratio? ?? ???燃烧室 combustion chamber?压燃 compression ignition? ?? ?? ? 点燃 spark ignition?抗暴性 antiknock quality? ?? ?? ?? ?增压中冷 inter-cooling?负荷 load? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?空载 no-load?工况 working condition?曲柄连杆机构：connecting rods and crankshaft?缸盖 cylinder head? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 气缸 cylinder???缸体 cylinder block? ?? ?? ?? ???缸套 cylinder liner?油底壳 oil pan? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?活塞 piston???活塞环(销) piston ring(pin)? ?? ???气（油）环 compression(oil control) ring?连杆 connecting rod? ?? ?? ?? ???曲柄 crank???曲轴 crankshaft? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?飞轮 flywheel?配气机构：valve gear?凸轮（轴）cam(camshaft)? ?? ?? ? 进（排