辜鸿铭.pptVIP

辜鸿铭《论语》翻译技巧 A 衔接 汉语，尤其是古汉语，有其显著的特点：遣词造句采用意合法，重意义组合而轻形式结构，少用或不用关联词语，词语之间的关系常在不言之中，语法意义和逻辑联系常隐含在字里行间，让读者和听者领悟其中的意义和关系；而英语遣词造句的最大特点是采用形合法，重形式结构协调，多用或常用关联词语，显性衔接，以形显义③ EXAMPLE (1) 子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？”辜氏译文：Confucius remarked，“It is indeed a pleasure to acquire knowledge and，as you go on acquiring，to put into practice what you have acquired．A greater pleasure still it is when friends of congenial minds come from afar to seek you because of your attainments．But he is truly a wise and good man who feels no discomposure even when he is not noticed of men．” 这是《论语》中最为人耳熟能详的篇章。原文语句简洁，无有任何赘词，这也正符合了汉语，尤其是古汉语的特点。而在译文中，辜鸿铭却添加了greater，still，of congenial minds，because of your attainments，but等词语。而greater和still是在原“说”（pleasure）基础之上的增强，可见两种快乐之间的程度，表明了独学与切磋之间的递进关系。“有朋自远方来”中的“朋”指的是哪一类的“朋友”？是“狐朋狗友”还是“酒肉朋友”？一个“of congenial minds（志同道合）”就说得很明白了。 再加上“because of your attainments（仰慕你的学识）”而非为“财”而来，使得“朋自远方来”的“乐”显得清清白白。最后一句加上“but”一词，可知该句是站在第二句的反面来论述的。这样一来，三句就一气呵成，起承转合严丝合缝，构成一个完整自足的体系，俨然一篇短小精悍的文章，将孔子的“学”、“习”之“说”，“朋聚”之“乐”以及中国的“君子”之风范完完整整、清清楚楚地传达了出来。在语言上，也完全符合英语的表达习惯和特点，让读者“一目”便能“了然”。 B 损益 EXAMPLE (2) 子曰：“管仲之器小哉！”或曰：“管仲俭乎？”曰：“管氏有三归，官事不摄，焉得俭？”“然则管仲知礼乎？”曰：“邦君树塞门，管氏亦树塞门。邦君为两君之好，有反坫，管氏亦有反坫。管氏而知礼，孰不知礼？ Confucius，speaking of a famous statesman ( the Bismarck of the time) ，remarked，“ Kuan Chung was by no means a great-minded man!” “But，”said somebody，“Kuan Chung was simple in life: was he not?” “Why，”replied Confucius，“Kuan Chung had that magnificent Sansouci Pleasaunce of his． Besides，he had a special officer appointed to every function in his household． How can one say that he was simple in his life?” “Well，”rejoined the enquirer，“but still，Kuan Chung was a man of taste who observed the correct form: was he not?” “No，”answered Confucius，“The reigning princes have walls built before their palace gates． Kuan Chung also had a wall built before his door． When two reigning princes meet， each has a special buffet． Kuan Chung also had his special buffet． If you say Kuan Chung was a man of t