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The Hot Gates Synopsis of the Article Hot Gates of Thermopylae The battle of Thermopylae was fought between 7000 Greeks under Leonidas (including 300 Spartans) and 500,000-2.5 million Persian troops under Xerxes. Xerxes had marched across the Hellespont (达达尼尔海峡,在土尔其欧亚两部分之间,连接马尔马拉海与爱琴海) towards Greece because he wanted Greece to become a satrapy (辖地) of his and submit to his divine will by giving him earth and water. The two armies met at a 50-foot-wide pass (关口) in Northern Greece and here, a small phalanx (方阵) of Greek hoplites (重甲步兵) held off (抵制) wave after wave of Persian infantrymen, cavalrymen, and Immortals. The Spartans demonstrated their bravery again and again, and their lifelong devotion to military training proved to pay off. Leonidas Spartan leader Leonidas I is best known for his heroic death at Thermopylae during his attempt to stop an invading Persian army from advancing through Greece. With a force of 300 Spartans and about 1,100 other Greeks, Leonidas held off several thousand Persian soldiers at a narrow pass. He and his soldiers fought bravely until all of the defenders had been killed. Xerxes Persian king Xerxes inherited his throne after the death of his father Darius I. His ambitious plans to expand the Persian empire into Europe never materialized. The huge naval fleet he assembled for the invasion lost a decisive battle at the bay of Salamís in 480 bc, forcing Xerxes to retreat. Vale of Tempe: 滕比河谷 The author William Gerald Golding (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British novelist, poet, playwright and Nobel Prize for Literature laureate, best known for his novel Lord of the Flies. He was also awarded the Booker Prize for literature in 1980 for his novel Rites of Passage, the first book of the trilogy To the Ends of the Earth. In 2008, The Times ranked Golding third on their list of The 50 greatest British writers since 1945. The author Bibliography Novels Lord of the Flies (1954) The Inheritors (1955) Pincher Martin (1956