Fertilization.pptx

Fertilization受 精;学习目标;排卵（Ovulation）;优势卵泡（Dominat follcile）;卵泡成熟是激素调控的结果;LH峰后事件;排卵前;排 卵;排卵后;LH峰的产生;E2与LH峰;卵泡是一个内分泌器官;E2的产生;卵泡发育竞赛;精子成熟和获能;睾丸和附睾;附睾内事件;Condensation of the DNS ;副性腺和精浆;精子;精子和卵母细胞约会的路径;子宫颈和宫颈屏障;精子获能;突破卵丘和透明带;顶体反应;穿膜反应;拒绝多精子受精;受精和原核形成;;Preimplantation植入前;Key concepts of the preimplantation phase;The cleavage divisions up to the morula stage;How a blastocyst is engendered;;Mouse blastocyst at day 4 of development. Epiblast-specific marker Nanog (red) and primitive endoderm-specific expression of GFP from the Pdgfra promoter (green) are mutually exclusive and sorted into two adjacent layers;The cytotrophoblast is the inner layer of the trophoblast, interior to the syncytiotrophoblast in an embryo. It serves to anchor the embryonic chorion to the maternal endometrium. Cytotrophoblasts are stem cells in the chorionic villi. During differentiation, mononuclear cytotrophoblast fuse together into the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts. Syncytiotrophoblasts are multinucleated cells found in the placenta of embryos. They are the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblasts and actively invade the uterine wall. They form the outermost fetal component of the placenta (also known as ‘syntrophoblast’) and massively increase the surface area available for nutrient exchange between the mother and the fetus. Cells from the syncytiotrophoblast secrete progesterone in addition to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (HPL); hCG prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum. Progesterone serves to maintain the integrity of the uterine lining, and until the syncytiotrophoblast is mature enough to secrete enough progesterone (in the fourth month of embryonic development), it is aided by the corpus luteum graviditatis. ;;Axis in Development;Patterning the vertebrate body plan I: Axes and Germ Layers Antero-posterior axis Dorso-ventral polarity Left-right ;Setting up the body axes The animal-vegetal axis of Xenopus is maternally determined The