Chaptergeneandgenome教材.ppt

* * 转座子的发现 认为：一种控制基因在玉米基因组中移动的结果 （McClintock B，Cold Harboring Lab ） 1950年，发现玉米粒的颜色经常发生变化 * * （4）pseudogene（假基因） 2、The modern concept of gene 具有与功能基因相似的序列，但由于有许多突变以致失去了原有的功能，所以假基因是没有功能的基因，常用ψ表示。 * 基因（3~5%） 假基因 基因外区域 外显子 内含子 “Triumphs as well as failures of natures past experiments appear to be contained in our genome” - Susumu Ohno （大野秀敏） Susumu Ohno proposes that the majority of the genome consisted of now-extinct genes Junk DNA（垃圾DNA，无用DNA） § 2 Genomics and Proteomics §2 Genomics and Proteomics （基因组学和蛋白质组学） Genomics（基因组学） Proteomics（蛋白质组学） Human genome project（人类基因组计划） Progress of major genome sequencing projects 真核生物基因组 低等真核生物 高等真核生物 真核生物基因组－－“城市化” 与“荒漠化” Mouse-human synteny(同线性): Human chromosomes can be cut into ~150 pieces, then shuffled into a reasonable approximation of the mouse genome. Tryptophan Metabolism Pathway Profile (KEGG) 喝碳酸饮料直毁细胞代谢 Chapter 1 Gene and Genome §1 Gene and Genome （基因和基因组） §2 Genomics and Proteomics （基因组学和蛋白质组学） Chemically: A specific DNA segment, containing the code for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain. In physics: Arranged on chromosome linearly, can be exchanged and transmitted to the next generation. Functionally: Controlling the expression of specific characteristics of a living organism. * * * * * CAAT box TATA box Enhancer promoter The structure of gene exon exon 非翻译区：untranslated regions ，UTR UTR UTR Poly(A) 加尾信号 5 ′ +1 Stop 3 ′ 结构基因 intron intron exon TGA ATG 开放阅读框：open reading frame ，ORF response element （三） Nocoding DNA Defination: DNA sequence that does not code for protein or RNA. Including: Introns (unique sequence) in genes Interspersed repeated DNA （离散重复序列） Tandemly repeated DNA （串联重复序列） 精简内容 One copy follows another copy directly Tandem repeats Copies are spread separately around the genome Interspersed repeats Repetitive sequences in euk. genome Satellite DN