全球变化生态学翻译作业.docVIP

全球变化专题文献翻译与课程PPT解读 1 文献翻译 Warming impacts on winter wheat phenophase and grain yield under field conditions in Yangtze Delta Plain, China 在田间条件下气候变暖对长江三角洲平原冬小麦物候期和籽粒产量的影响 Abstract A five-year experiment with Free Air Temperature Increase facility was conducted to investigate the actual responses of winter wheat phenophase and yield to warming in Yangtze Delta Plain, China. Air temperature increase of around 1.5 ℃ in wheat canopy advanced crop phenophases significantly, leading to a reduction in length of the entire growth period by 10 days (P 0.05). This reduction was mainly found in the length of pre-anthesis phase, while the length of post-anthesis phase was prolonged slightly. Warming increased grain yield by 16.3% (P 0.05) whereas no significant effects were found on the aboveground biomass. Warming tended to increase the numbers of productive spike and filled grain and the harvest index. The areas of flag leaf and total green leaf at anthesis and the 1000-grain weight were 36.0, 19.2 and 5.9% higher in the warmed plots than the un-warmed control (P 0.05), respectively. Warming stimulated the filling rate of inferior grain (P 0.05), while the rate of superior grain stayed almost unchanged. The above evidences suggest that anticipated warming may facilitate winter wheat production in East China 摘要 为了调查研究中国长江三角洲平原冬小麦在气候变暖下物候期和产量的实际响应，我们用自由的空气温度升高设施进行了一项为期五年的实验。小麦冠层空气温度升高1.5℃左右，小麦物候期显著提前，全生育期缩短10天。这种生育期的减少主要发生在花前期，然而花后生育期轻微延长。气候变暖导致产量增产16.3%，地上部干物质没有显著的变化。气候变暖对生殖小穗数量、结实籽粒和收获指数都有增加的趋势。在开花期，增温处理过的旗叶面积、全叶面积和千粒重分别比未处理的增加36.0, 19.2 and 5.9%。气候变暖刺激次级籽粒灌浆速率，高级籽粒灌浆速率基本没有改变。综上所述，预期升温可能有利于中国东部冬小麦生产。 1.Introduction 引言 More than 20% of the world’s food consumers depend on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) which is produced on an area of over 200 million hectares worldwide (Ortiz et al., 2008). And winter wheat area accounts for more than 80% of this total, and it is typically grown in the seasons of winter and spring where warming is mainly anticipated. China is the largest co