第二章宏观经济计量与核算measuringnationalincome(宏观经济学华东理工,石良平)教材.ppt

二、宏观经济计量与核算 MEASURING A NATION’S INCOME Richard Stone(理查德·斯通) 1984年获诺贝尔经济学奖。 二战期间，完成《战争财源分析及1938和1940国民收入和支出估计》白皮书。时任英国财政部顾问的凯恩斯感动地说：“我们在一个通过统计的快乐时代中”。 1945年任剑桥大学新成立的应用经济学系的第一任主任。 1950年，受联合国统计委员会委托，出版《国民帐户体系》（SNA），1968年修订后正式出版。 1975年出版《社会和人口统计系统》（SSDS, Towards a system of social and demographic statistics ）。 Wassily Leontief(沃西里·里昂惕夫) 1973年获诺贝尔经济学奖。 1906年出生在圣彼得堡，1929年任中国铁道部顾问，1931年进入美国国民经济研究局（NBER），1946年哈佛大学经济学教授。 1941年出版《美国经济结构：1919-1929》，第一次用投入产出法进行经济结构分析。1966年出版《投入产出经济学》。 Gross Domestic Product国内生产总值 Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of the income(收入)and expenditures(支出) of an economy. It is the total market value of all final goods and services(最终产品和劳务)produced within a country in a given time period. Important Features of GDPGDP的重要特征 Output is valued at market prices. It records only the value of final goods, not intermediate goods (the value is counted only once). It includes both tangible goods有形商品 (food, clothing, cars) and intangible services无形服务 (haircuts, housecleaning, doctor visits). Important Features of GDP It includes goods and services currently produced, not transactions交易 involving goods produced in the past. It measures the value of production within the geographic confines of a country. Important Features of GDP It measures the value of production that takes place within a specific interval of time, usually a year or a quarter (three months). What Is Counted in GDP?哪些经济活动应计入GDP GDP includes all items produced in the economy and sold legally合法的 in markets. What Is Not Counted in GDP?哪些经济活动不能计入GDP GDP excludes most items that are produced and consumed at home and that never enter the marketplace. It excludes items produced and sold illicitly非法的, such as illegal drugs. Gross National Product国民生产总值 Gross national product (GNP) is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a given period of time by a nation’s permanent residents常住居民, regardless of where they are. Three Other Measures of Income另外三个收入变量 Ne