国贸1201班第二章翻译完整版教程解读.docx

1-10段 One of the principal problems of political economy emphasized by the opening quote from Keynes is deciding on the appropriate boundary between state and market. We can better understand the issues if we examine how the boundaries evolved to their present point. In medieval times, the aristocracy and town guilds directed much of the economic activity in Europe and Asia. However, about two centuries ago, government began to exercise less and less power over prices and production methods. Gradually, the restraints of feudalism were replaced by what we call the “market mechanism” or “competitive capitalism.” 一个政治经济存在的主要问题，强调了开放引自凯因斯是决定国家和市场之间的合理边界。我们可以更好的理解的问题，如果我们研究如何发展到目前的边界点。在中世纪，贵族和城市行会向多在欧洲和亚洲的经济活动。然而，大约两个世纪以前，政府开始行使价格和生产方法越来越少。渐渐地，封建制度的约束是由我们所称的“市场机制”或“竞争资本主义取代。” ope and North America, the nineteen century became the ago of lasses-faire. This doctrine, which translates as “leave us alone,” holds that government should interfere as little as possible in economics affairs and leave economic decisions to the interplay of supply and demand in the marketplace. Many governments espoused this economic philosophy in the middle of the nineteen century. 开放和北美国，上世纪十九年代成为少女放任的前。这一学说，即“离开我们，”认为，政府应该干预尽可能少的经济事务，让经济决策的供应和需求在市场上的相互作用。许多国家的政府支持这种经济哲学在中东的十九个世纪。 Nevertheless, by the end of the century, the unbridled excesses of capitalism led the United States and the industrialized countries of Western Europe to retreat from full laissez-faire. Government assumed a steadily expanding economic role, regulating monopolies, colleting income taxes, and taking on such tasks as providing support for the elderly (social security). This new system ,called the welfare state, is one in which markets direct the detailed activities of day-to-day economic life while governments regulate social conditions and provide pensions, health care, and the other aspects of social safety net. 然而，到本世纪末，资本主义的肆无忌惮的暴行LED美国和西欧工业??国家退出完全放任。政府承担了稳步扩张的经济作用，限制垄断，搜集所得税，并以这样的任务是为老年人提供支持（社会保障）。这个新的系统，称为福利国家，是