研究生翻译要点分析.ppt

Chapter I Diction 遣词用字 1.word-for-word correspondence 对等 (proper nouns or technical terms) Marxism= 马克思主义 Aspirin=阿司匹林 2.one word with multiple equivalents of the same meaning 多词同义 Human being, man, people, person 人 3.one word with several equivalents of different meanings 一词多义 President: 总统,总裁,主席,董事长,议长,校长 4.Equivalents interwoven with one another 词义交织 Say, speak, talk, tell:说,讲,谈,诉 5.words without equivalents Teenager:13-19岁青少年 目不识丁:(not know one’s )ABC Methods of discriminating the original meaning of an English word 1.Judging from the word formation 构词法辩义 Prehistoric 史前的 2.Judging from the references 根据指代关系辩义 Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that. 3.Judging from the context and collocation Delicate skin 娇嫩的皮肤 Delicate upbringing娇生惯养 Delicate living奢侈的生活 Delicate health虚弱的身体 Delicate diplomatic questio微妙的外交问题n Delicate surgical operation难做的外科手术 Delicate food美味的食物 老战士 a veteran 老领导 a senior leader 老师傅 a master craftsman 老闺女 the youngest daughter 老皇历 last year’s calendar 老生常谈 commonplace Techniques of translating a given English word 1.deduction 推演法(根据词典解释确定意义) community: a social group or class having common interests 群体, ---派 ---界人士 2.Transplant 移植法(字面翻译) microwave 微波 splashdown溅落 3. Extension 引申法 brain drain :脑排干---人才外流---人才流失 It is more than transient everydayness. 这远非一时的柴米油盐问题 4.substitution 替代法 to kill sb. as an example 杀一儆百 5.Explanation 释义法(没有相应词汇表达时用) a throwaway society 一个消费成风的社会 6.combination 合并法(两个近义词表达同意义时) a grim and tragic Christmas 一个惨淡的圣诞节 So subtle and careful an observer 一位如此精细的观察者 7.Transliteration 音译法(汉语中没有的专有名词或货币名词) Mark clone hacker 8.pictographic translation 图形翻译法 H-beam 工字梁 V-belt 三角皮带 O-ring环形圈 Exercises: Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the ligh