语言与文化考试重点.docVIP

Generally, phrasal verbs occur often in colloquial English, while their corresponding single words are frequently found in writing. 1.1 Idioms other than phrasal verbs(they are closely related with English culture. To understand them properly one needs to attain familiarity with English culture from which they have developed.) 1.1.1 Idioms in relation to mannerisms To split one’s side with laughter 当心笑破了肚皮 To keep a straight face 不动声色 To pull somebody’s leg 开某人的玩笑/捉弄某人 To ride one’s high horse 趾高气扬 To hold one’s head high 昂首挺胸/充满自信 To make a cat laugh 把死人逗笑了 To make one’s flesh creep 使人汗毛真竖/让人直起鸡皮疙瘩 To make a face 作个鬼脸 Not to bat an eyelid 眼不眨，心不跳/处之泰然 1.1.2 Idioms in relation to life philosophy A big fish in a small pond 鹤立鸡群/ Milk and water 平淡如水 Mind one’s p’s and q’s 注意言行举止 No man is an island 没能人是一座孤岛 Just what the doctor ordered 医生的话不能不听，也不能全听 To keep one’s nose clean 保持一身清白 Not for all the tea in China 给我一座金山，我也不干 1.1.3 Idioms in relation to love and marriage A male chauvinist大男子主义 A marriage of convenience 功利婚姻 The marriage of true minds 真诚的结合 To love at first sight 一见钟情 Mr/Miss Right 白马王子/绝色佳人 1.1.4 Others Not to mince one’s words 直言不讳 To miss the boat 坐失良机 A nine days wonder昙花一现 Not in a hundred years 永远不能成功/一辈子也干不成 To keep one’s own company 独来独往 To know something like the palm of one’s hand 了如指掌 To know one’s onions A nine to five job 朝九晚五 To move heaven and earth to do something 费了九牛二虎之力/连吃奶的力气都用上了 To make bricks without straw 做无米之饮 Between Scylla and Charybdis 腹背受敌/进退两难 2. Proverbs（a preverb is a brief familiar maxim of folk wisdom, usually compressed in form, ofen involving a bold image are frequently a jingle that catches the memory） 2.1 proverbs related to Christianity Man proposes, God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天 Mills of God grind slow but sure 天网恢恢，疏而不漏 God help those who help themselves自助者天助之 Whom God would ruin, he first deprives of reason 上帝要毁灭谁，必先夺其理性 Whom the Gods love die young 上帝的宠儿早夭折 Each cross hath its own inscription 每个十字架都有自己的铭文 God sends meat