English Linguistic 语言学.docVIP

Chapter 1 Introduction 1. Linguistic and English Linguistic Linguistic 的目的 aims at developing a theory general linguistic 一般语言学 descriptive linguistic 描述性语言学 general linguistic (一般语言学 ) 为 descriptive linguistic (描述性语言学) 提供了framework(框架), 这也就是为什么 general linguistic 能够被分析和被描述. General linguistic and descriptive linguistic are complementary to each other (相互补充). English linguistic is a kind of descriptive linguistics. 2.The nature of languages (语言的本质) 1. language is a system 2. language is symbolic 3. language is a system of vocal symbols The system of language is called langue language is a system the speaker’s speech is called parole Competence is the speaker-hearer’s knowledge of his language Performance is the actual use of language in concrete situation language is symbolic ( 语言是象征意义的) language is a system of vocal symbols ( 语言是一种声音符号) 语言学侧重研究的是 speech 不是 written form Reason Biologically (生物上来讲) 儿童学习说比学习读写早得多. Functionally (功能上来讲) 日常生活中口语使用比书面语频繁的多. Historically ( 历史而言) 口头语使用在书面语之前,当今世界有许多语言并没有 留 下 文 字 记录 Language is arbitrary Language is creative Language is double-structured Language is changeable Language is arbitrary a linguistic symbol is composed of two things speech sound( form)形式 and the idea( meaning) 意义 Language is creative Language is double-structured grammatically-meaningful and sound-meaningless 语法上的有意义,声音上的无意义. Language is changeable What is the nature of human language? In a short , it is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols The unique features like creativity(创造力) duality of structure (结构的双重性) changeability(易变性) 3.Scientific method (科学方法) 1. collecting