An Introduction to Western Culture (西方文化入门).docVIP

An Introduction to Western Culture Part I Introduction European culture is made up of many elements.Two of these elements are considered to be more enduring. they are: 1. the Greco-Roman element, 2. and the Judeo-Christian element Greece Location At the southeast of Europe and has borders with Turkey at the east, Bulgaria, and Albania at the north, and with italy at the west. Part II Greek Culture 1. Greeks played a very important role in the development of human history. 2. enjoyed freedom in religion, art, government, and modes of living. I. Greek Culture 1.The Historical Context ?? 1). In a more remote period of Greek history, probably around 1200B.C. , a war was fought between Greece and Troy ?? 2). Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C. the high point of development in Greek culture in the 5th century B.C. 1). The high point of development in Greek culture was marked by (a) the successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century B.C., (b) the establishment of democracy and (c) the flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens.?? 2). The 5th century B.C. closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta in Greece. 3). In the second half of the 4th century B.C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, King of Macedon. 4). In 146 B.C. the Romans conquered the Greece. 清明 杜牧 清明时节雨纷纷， 路上行人欲断魂。借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。 The Clear-and–Bright Feast Upon the Clear-and-Bright Feast of spring The rain drizzleth down in spray. Pedestrians on countryside ways In gloom are pining away. When asked “Where a tavern fair for rest Is hereabouts to be found,” The shepherd boy the Apricot Bloom Vill Doth point to afar and say. By 孙大雨 注：pine away:衰弱，消瘦，憔悴 清明(我国的二十四节气之一) 清明节是我国传统节日，也是最重要的祭祀节日，是祭祖和扫墓的日子。 清明节，又叫踏青节，按阳历来说，它是在每年的4月4日至6日之间，正是春光明媚草木吐绿的时节，也正是人们春游（古代叫踏青）的好时候，所以古人有清明踏青，并开展一系列体育活动的的习俗。 清明节的传统 中国祭祀祖先的传统已有数千年之久。Ancestor worship is a Chinese tradition dating back thousan