高中英语重点及语法.docVIP

作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. There / It is no use/ good/ not any use/ good/ useless doing sth. 动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式: admit,appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention,mind,miss,practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, can\t help, can\t stand(无法忍受)等。 I tried not to go there.(我设法不去那里。) I tried doing it again.(我试着又干了一次。)] mean to do 有意... mean doing意味着... I mean to come early today.(我打算今天早些来。) Missing the train means waiting for another hour. (误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。) allow, advise, forbid, permit We don\t allow smoking here. We don\t allow students to smoke. 动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟动词作它的宾语时,若表示的含义是被动的,必须用动名词,或不定式的被动式。例如： The window needs(requires, wants)cleaning(to be cleaned). 在短语devote to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, be used to, object to,thank you for, excuse me for 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式：I look forward to hearing from you soon. Badly polluted, the water cannot be drunk.(原因) Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. (原因,强调写的过程,故应用现在分词一般被动式) Having been deserted by his guide, he couldn\t find his way through the jungle.(为了强调已完成的动作) Asked to stay, I couldn\t very well refuse. 这里 asked 可能意味着 having been asked, 也可能意味着when/since I was asked, 但用了 having been asked 就不会有歧义。 下面句中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同，所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在分词完成被动式。例如： Covered with confusion, I left the room.我很窘地离开了房间。 United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。 He used to live in London, use(d)n\t he /didn\t he? There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n\t there /didn\t there?? 教育论文在线 Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they? He ought to be punished, oughtn\t he? 但在正式文体中,用ought we not形式。例如: We ought to go, ought we not?或We ought to go ,should we not? 含有情态动词must的句子表示推则,作“想必”解时,疑问部分不可用mustn\t。若前句强调对现在情况的推测,疑问部分用aren\