无线传感器网络基于时分复用的MAC协议研究 毕业论文.docVIP

无线传感器网络基于时分复用的MAC协议研究 摘 要 在无线传感器网络中，介质访问控制MAC协议决定无线信道的使用方式，在节点之间分配有限的无线通信资源。MAC协议处于无线传感器网络协议的底层，在传感器网络中具有重要作用，是保证无线传感器网络高效通信的关键协议之一。 传统网络的MAC协议重点考虑节点使用带宽的公平性，提高带宽的利用率以及增加网络的实时性，而传感器网络MAC协议与传统网络的MAC协议所注重的因素正好反序，所以，传统网络的MAC协议不适用于传感器网络，需要研究和提出新的适用于传感器网络的MAC协议。 本文首先对于无线传感器网络做了系统的介绍，随后总结了传感器网络中MAC协议设计应该满足的一些要求，并对现有的MAC协议按照基于竞争和基于十分复用的原则分成两类进行介绍，重点介绍基于时分复用的MAC协议。然后重点研究了无线传感器网络中基于时分复用的两种典型协议——DEANA和TRAMA协议。通过使用网络仿真软件OPNET对上述两种协议进行仿真比较。 经过仿真可知，和其他一些协议相比，DEANA协议可以节省大约95%的能量。但是DEANA协议要求相当高的时间同步精度。 关键词　无线传感器网络　MAC协议　OPNET网络仿真工作 The Research of Wireless Sensor Networks MAC Protocol Based on TDMA ABSTRACT In wireless sensor networks, the medium access control (MAC) protocol decided the access of the wireless channel and the allocation of the wireless communication resources among the nodes. As the bottom foundation of wireless sensor networks, MAC plays an important role in sensor network. It is one of the crucial protocols which guarantee the efficiency of the wireless sensor network communication. The MAC protocol of the traditional network focuses on the fairness of the use of bandwidth, improving the bandwidth utilization ratio and increasing the real-time of the network. But what the sensor network focuses on is different from the traditional network. Therefore traditional MAC protocols cannot be applied efficiently to WSNs, many new MAC protocols which are adequate for WSNs need to be discussed and proposed. In this paper, we first introduce the wireless sensor network briefly. Next we summarize the requirements we need to design the MAC protocols for sensor network. We mainly introduced the MAC protocols based on TDMA after introduced two types of MAC protocols contention-based MAC protocols and TDMA-based MAC protocols. After that we focus on DEANA and TRAMA, two TDMA-based MAC protocols. At the end, OPNET was used to compare the performance of the two protocols. Using the simulation result, we find out that DEANA can achieve significant energy savings (up to 95%).Bu