英汉语言对比知识在英语学习中作用.pptVIP

英汉语言对比知识在英语学习中的作用 报告人：蔡激浪 一些语言现象 如何翻译以下句子？ Do you have a family? *你有家庭吗？ *你成家了吗？ 你有孩子吗？ His mother died of difficult labor. *他妈妈做苦工累死了。 *他母亲劳累而死。 他母亲死于难产。 I know the philosophy but in reality things do not always work that way. *我知道哲学，可是实际上事情being非总是如此运行。 道理我懂，可是现实中情况并非总是如此。 Time and tide wait for no man. *时光和潮流不等人。 时光如同潮流一样不等人/时光如流水，岁月不待人。 They didn’t praise him slightly. *他们一点儿也没有表扬他。 他们对他大加赞赏。 No one can be in China more than a few hours without sensing an enormous optimism. 在中国几个小时以上的人，没有任何人不感觉到一种巨大的乐观主义。 任何人只要在中国呆上几个小时，无不察觉到一股巨大的乐观情绪。/ 任何人只要在中国呆上几个小时，都会察觉到一股乐观的情绪。 英汉对比研究的重要性 “The most effective materials are those that are based upon a scientific description of the language to be learned, carefully compared with a parallel description of the native language of the learner.” —Charles C. Fries “我相信，对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别，在每一个具体问题—词形、词义、语法范畴、句子结构上，都尽可能用汉语的情况跟英语做比较，让他通过这种比较得到更深刻的体会。” —吕叔湘，《中国人学英语》 有利于交际 有利于英汉/汉英翻译 有利与英语写作能力的提升 有利于语言研究 1、综合语（Synthetic）vs.分析语（Analytic） He moved astonishingly fast. He moved with astonishing rapidity. His movements were astonishingly rapid. His rapid movements astonished us. His movements astonished us by their rapidity. He astonished us by moving rapidly He astonished us by his rapid movements. 他的行动，快得惊人。 他行动的速度快得令人惊讶。 他行动速度之快，令人惊讶。 他的快速行动使我们感到惊讶。 我们对他的快速行动感到惊讶。 综合语的特征是经常性、系统性的运用曲折形式来表现语法关系为特征的语言。 分析语的特征是相对频繁地使用功能词、助词和改变词序来表达句法关系，而不用曲折形式来表达。 He had to quit the position and went in exile, having been deprived of his power. 他被剥夺了权力之后，只好离职，流落他乡。 No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities, of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the house. 刚刚几位可敬的先生都发言了。对于这几位先生的爱国精神及才干，我个人比任何人都更钦佩。 A very important question A question of great importance 一个很重要的问题 A debatable subject A subject which can be debated 一个可以辩论的题目 At an unprecedented speed At a speed unprecedented 以空前的速度 There is no inconsistency in what he said. There is nothing inconsistent in what he said. 他说的话并没有前后矛盾之处。 总结：汉语有严格的语序，英语的语序