干旱区绿洲枣园系调控与水肥量化研究.pdf

干旱区绿洲枣园根系调控与水肥量化研究 摘 要 盲目施肥、大水漫灌等在新疆红枣生产中广泛存在，极大地浪费肥料与水资源，为 了探寻阿克苏地区红枣的最佳施肥量与灌水量，在阿克苏实验林场九队对十年生的红枣 进行了根系调控与根系调控下水肥二因素三水平试验，主要结论如下： 1．采用根系调控的红枣营养坑中地温提高了3.9℃，坑中比对照多了秸秆，坑中秸 秆C/N 值19.1，适宜红枣对秸秆中养分的吸收，增加了土壤中的养分。根系调控促进了 营养坑中根系生长，根系粗度降低，并促进了根系向深层延伸，提高了红枣的抗寒性。 在土层0cm-20cm 根系调控的红枣根系干物质重量、根系总长度、根系表面积分别是对 照的3 倍、1.5 倍、1.3 倍；在土层20cm-50cm 是对照的5.2 倍、3.3 倍、3.7 倍。根系调 控对植株地上部分的营养生长没有影响，叶面积指数差异不显著，周年叶绿素与果实膨 大期净光合速率显著提高。根系调控促进红枣产量显著提高了13.9%。 2. 果树生产的目标是正常大小的优质果实和尽可能高的产量。以果实的产量与品质 作为评价水肥最佳指标的最重要指标，从生态、经济上综合考虑，TR4 的产量与品质较 高。TR4 即灌水量421m3/亩、施肥量80Kg/亩（N 含量28kg/亩，P 含量35kg/亩，K 含 量17kg/亩）是最优组合，此组合与对照相比，节水66.3% ，节肥46.3% ，产量提高14.5%， 每产 100 公斤红枣需N 肥2.8kg、P 肥3.5kg、K 肥 1.7kg。与其它处理相比较，土壤中 养分含量没有受到影响，根系生长、叶绿素含量、光合产物与果实中养分含量较高，植 株生长量较低。 关键词：干旱区；枣园；根系调控；水；肥 I Research on Root Control and Quantification of Water and Fertilizer for Jujube Orchard In Oasis of Drought Areas Abstract Blind fertilization and flood irrigation are all-pervading in Red Jujube production in Xinjiang, greatly wasting fertilizer and water. In order to explore the best quantity of fertilizer and water, the root controlling and the two factors and three levels of water and fertilizer with the root controlling experiment on the 10-year- old Jujube trees at the No.9 team in experimental forest in Aksu, the main conclusions are as follows: 1. The soil temperature improved 3.9℃ in nutritional pits with root controlling. There were more straw in nutritional pits than contrast pits, in which the straw C / N value was 19.1, appropriating for the absorbability of Red Jujube tree to nutrition and promoting the nutrition in soil. The root controlling accelerated the root growth, and reduced the root diameter. At the same time, it also maked the roots extend