国际石油经济学教学计划-UnitedStatesAssociationfor.ppt

中国石油大学（北京）工商管理学院冯连勇 * * * Dilemmas in energy consumption, international trade and employment: Analysing the impact of embodied energy in traded goods on employment China University of Petroleum, Beijing (CUPB) Xu TANG Zhu SUN * Trade-off analysis between embodied energy exports and employment creation in China [J]Journal of cleaner production, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.122. * Outline Introduction Methodology and data Results Discussion Conclusions * Outline Introduction Methodology and data Results Discussion Conclusions * Energy is used directly and indirectly in all goods and services, and is often described as embodied energy. A country’s domestic energy demand is affected not only by domestic demand, but also by foreign trade. As international trade has developed, many researchers have studied the energy embodied in international exports for a range of countries. Similar studies on embodied emissions and embodied pollution have also brought increasing attentions. * Introduction * “Made in China” Exports have been the primary driver of Chinas economic growth over the last decade, particularly since the countrys accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001. * Introduction As China is the world`s largest coal importer and second largest oil importer, accounting for energy embodied in international trade has aroused much research interest in recent years. Reducing embodied energy exports is potentially beneficial for China to save both external costs and direct monetary expenditure for energy. * If China wants to reduce the volume of embodied energy exports, China should reduce the exports of energy-intensive products. China’s energy policy? Tax on the energy-intensive exports ? It is a big story! Complex system! And if the energy-intensive exports are located in the same sectors as the labor-intensive exports, the reduction of embodied energy exports will ultimately affect the employment in C