美国单边贸易政策对我国贸易影响与对策.docVIP

美国单边贸易政策对我国贸易的影响及对策 ——以301条款为例 摘要：对外贸易政策是一国经济利益与其在国际上的政治地位和经济实力相融合的产物，也是一国国家利益在对外交往中的具体体现。美国对外贸易政策是美国全球战略的重要组成部分，它是美国奉行经济全球化战略的主要工具之一。二战以后，在国际贸易领域，美国政府曾经是多边主义和自由主义贸易的倡导者。然而，随着20世纪六十年代以来西方资本主义国家经济的崛起，美国政府的贸易政策逐渐变为在公平贸易前提下，由多边贸易主义演变为多边主义与地区主义、单边主义、保护主义并举的自由贸易与管理贸易。美国贸易政策实施的单边主义，以及其在多边贸易体制中的“机制霸权”和中美贸易摩擦的逐渐升级，都在很大程度上增加了中国出口贸易的发展障碍。美国贸易法301条款对维护美国的经济利益，推行美国所宣称的“公平贸易”起着十分重要的作用，具有非常重要的影响，使得与美国进行贸易的许多国家，包括中国在内，不得不引起高度的重视。正是基于这一认识，本文从维护中美贸易健康发展和维系自由、平等的多边贸易体制的目的出发，以世界贸易组织规则为基础，结合具体案例，特别是涉及中国的案例来分析、研究美国的301条款,从而分析美国贸易政策对我国的经济的影响并提出有效应对措施。 关键词：贸易政策 单边主义 301条款 对策 Abstract: The foreign trade policy is the product of a countrys economic interests in international political status and economic strength. And it is also the integration of a countrys national interests in foreign exchanges.The U.S. foreign trade policy is an important part of the U.S. global strategy, which is one of the main tool of the United States to pursue economic globalization strategy. After World War II, in the field of international trade, the U.S. government was once an advocate of multilateralism and liberal trade,.However, since the 1970s ,with the rise of Western capitalist countries, the U.S. governments trade policy has gradually changed from the multilateral trade doctrine evolved to multilateralism and regionalism, unilateralism, protectionism, both free trade and managed trade.The unilateralism of U.S. trade policy, as well as in the multilateral trading system in the mechanism of hegemony and upgraded contradiction between China and US hindered the development of Chinas export trade in a large extent.Section 301 of U.S. trade law plays a very important role in safeguarding the economic interests of the United States, and it also has a very significant impact on the implementation of that fair trade that the United States declared.So that抯 make us should pay much attention to it. Based on this understanding, for maintaining the healthy development of Sino-US trade and the free and equitable multil