设施蔬菜有机栽培的键技术研究.docVIP

设施蔬菜有机栽培的关键技术研究 ????沙国栋????Studies on key technology for organic production of vegetable in protected cultivation????Sha Guodong????摘要 针对设施蔬菜营养品质和风味品质下降，大量使用农药防病等突出问题，开展了有机栽培的关键技术研究。采用物理方法、耕作方式和增加有益微生物相结合的办法，建立合理有效的土壤处理配套技术，改善土壤环境，缓解设施栽培连作障碍的矛盾。从栽培环境系统着手，建立栽培环境技术抑制病害发生和蔓延,生产过程中不喷药防病。结合设施栽培的灌溉系统，开发了有机栽培保证作物正常生长和快速调节作物营养的配套施肥技术。把设施蔬菜有机栽培涉及到的每个环节有机连接起来，根据栽培作物及品种特性，制定具体的生产技术规程，同一连栋塑料大棚连续4年种植厚皮甜瓜和樱桃番茄，没有发生严重病害和生育障碍，产品质量好，味道纯正。????关键词 设施蔬菜；有机栽培；关键技术?????????Abstract: Studies on key technologies for organic production of vegetable was carried out, aiming at problems of degrading quality of nutrition and flavor, and abusing chemicals in greenhouse. Based on integrations of physiological measures, farming models, and increasing helpful microbes, effective technologies for soil processing were established to improve the soil environment and alleviate the growing obstacles of succession cultivation; moreover, rational technologies for environment controlling was set up to restrain occurrences and spread of diseases. In addition, optimal fertilizing technologies, based on the irrigation system, were developed, which would ensure a normal growth and rapidly regulate nutrition requirements of crop. Integrating each step involved in the organic production, we constituted concrete production criterion for different crops and cultivars in each crop in accordance with their characters, as a result, no severe disease and growth obstacles occurred on thick-flesh melon and cherry tomato in a joined plastichouse in four succession cropping years; further more, the quality and flavor of the two crops were even more desirable.????Key words: Vegetable; Protected cultivation; Organic production; Key technology????????蔬菜设施栽培为我国的蔬菜供应发挥了巨大作用，不但缓解了生产季节性和消费均衡性之间的矛盾，还利用设施栽培生产高档蔬菜，增加了蔬菜的花色品种，名、特、优蔬菜、时令蔬菜、反季节蔬菜，基本满足了社会不同消费水平的需求。蔬菜设施栽培的突出问题是营养品质和风味品质下降，尤其是生育障碍严重，病害多发，大量使用农药，生产效益高而不稳。针对设施蔬菜生产上的实际问题，根据蔬菜设施栽培的技术发展趋势[1]，我们研究了改进蔬菜品质，改善土壤环境，促进持续高产稳产的有机栽培关键技术。????1 研究经过????用有机方法生产蔬菜，产品质量好、味道纯正、有