Interplaybetweenfieldobservationsandnumerical.PDFVIP

GEOMOR-04327; No of Pages 17 Geomorphology xxx (2013) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Geomorphology jour nal homepage: /locate/geomorph Interplay between field observations and numerical modeling to understand temporal pulsing of tree root throw processes, Canadian Rockies, Canada Y.E. Martin a, c, d,⁎, E.A. Johnson b, c, O. Chaikina a a Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada b Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada c Biogeoscience Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada d Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: During the cycle of forest disturbance, regeneration, and maturity, tree mortality leading to topple is a regular Received 21 December 2012 occurrence. When tree topple occurs relatively soon after mortality and if the tree has attained some thresh- Received in revised form 12 April 2013 old diameter at breast height (dbh) at the time of death, then notable amounts of soil may be upheaved along Accepted 14 April 2013 with the root wad. This upheaval may result in sediment transfers and soil production. A combination of field Available online xxxx evidence and numerical modeling is used herein to gain insights regarding the temporal dynamics of tree topple, ass