Flood frequency analysis and discussion of non-stationarity of the Lower Rhine flooding regime (AD 1350–2011) Using discharge data, water level measurements, and historical records》.pdfVIP

Journal of Hydrology 528 (2015) 490–502 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Hydrology journal homepage: www.elsevi /locate/jhydrol Flood frequency analysis and discussion of non-stationarity of the Lower Rhine flooding regime (AD 1350–2011): Using discharge data, water level measurements, and historical records W.H.J. Toonen ⇑ Dept. of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Dept. of Applied Geology and Geophysics, Deltares BGS, Utrecht, The Netherlands a r t i c l e i n f o s u m m a r y Article history: Accurate estimates of the recurrence time of extreme floods are essential to assess flood safety in Received 10 October 2013 flood-prone regions, such as the Lower Rhine in The Netherlands. Measured discharge records have a lim- Received in revised form 3 June 2015 ited length and are, in general, poorly representing extremes, which results in considerable uncertainties Accepted 6 June 2015 when used for flood frequency analysis. In this paper, it is shown how alternative discharge monitoring Available online 16 June 2015 stations along the Rhine, measurements of water levels, and historical records can be used to increase This manuscript was handled by Andras Bardossy, Editor-in-Chief, with the data availability. Although pre-processing and the conversion of data types into discharge estimates assistance of Bruno Merz, Associate Editor introduces extra uncertainty, the added value of