The Second Law of Steady State Thermodynamics for Nonequilibrium Quantum Dynamics.pdfVIP

The Second Law of Steady State Thermodynamics for Nonequilibrium Quantum Dynamics Satoshi Yukawa∗ Department of Applied Physics, 1 School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 0 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan 0 (Dated: February 6, 2008) 2 The second law of ordinary thermodynamics and the second law of steady state thermodynamics, p as proposed by Oono and Paniconi, are investigated from the microscopic point of view for the e open quantum system. Based on the H-theorem of Lindblad, we show that both second laws S are consistent with the quantum dynamics generated by the completely positive map. In addition, 5 microscopic expressions of entropy production and “housekeeping heat” are obtained for some classes of dynamical quantum systems. ] h PACS numbers: 05.70.Ln, 05.30.-d c e m Understanding the properties of nonequilibrium states nonequilibrium quantum dynamics. Next we extend this - of quantum systems may become important for develop- result to the nonequilibrium steady state case. Mathe- t a ing quantum devices which perform efficiently in nonequi- matically this operation has no ambiguity for some lim- t librium situations; It is known, for instance, that quan- iting class of the system. Finally we discuss the validity s t. tum ratchet systems only work in competitive situations of our expression. a between thermal r