更高的社会阶层预示着更多的不道德行为.pdfVIP

Higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior a,1 a b a a Paul K. Piff , Daniel M. Stancato , Stéphane Côté , Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton , and Dacher Keltner aDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; and bRotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E6 Edited* by Richard E. Nisbett, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, and approved January 26, 2012 (received for review November 8, 2011) Seven studies using experimental and naturalistic methods reveal for cash—than did lower-class participants, who shared more that upper-class individuals behave more unethically than lower- of their credits with a stranger (7). These results parallel na- class individuals. In studies 1 and 2, upper-class individuals were tionwide survey data showing that upper-class households donate more likely to break the law while driving, relative to lower-class a smaller proportion of their incomes to charity than do lower- individuals. In follow-up laboratory studies, upper-class individuals class households (10). These findings suggest that upper-class were more likely to exhibit unethical decision-making tendencies individuals are particularly likely to value their own welfare over (study 3), take valued goods from others (study 4), lie in a negotiation the welfare of others and, thus, may hold more positive attitudes (study 5), cheat to increase their chances of winning a prize (study 6), toward greed. and endorse unethical behavior at work (study 7) than were lower- Greed, in turn, is a robust determinant of unethical behavior. class individuals. Mediator and moderator data demonstrated that Pla