软件工程复习资料 英文.docVIP

Lecture 1 An Introduction to Software Engineering 1 what does software engineering concern? Software engineering is concerned with theories, methods and tools for professional software development. Software engineering is concerned with cost-effective software development. 2 What is software? Software includes: ① computer programs ② data structures ③ documents 3 What is the two types of software products Generic software(通用软件) and custom software（定制软件） 4 The three key elements of a successful software project are: on time, within budget, satisfies the user’s needs 5 Generic activities in all software processes are: Specification（描述） , Development（开发） , Validation（有效性验证） , Evolution（进化） 6 The attributes of good software include: Maintainability（可维护性）, Dependability（可依赖性）, Efficiency（有效性）, Acceptability（可接受性） Lecture 2 Software Processes 1 What is a software process model A software process model is an abstract representation of a software process. It presents a description of a process from some particular perspective. 2 Draw the graphic presentation of Waterfall model and describe its character. 这种模型把软件过程划分成几个顺序的阶段。阶段间具有依赖性，前一个阶段结束，后一个阶段才能开始； 这种模型很难对用户变更做出调整，只适用于需求非常清楚和需求变更被严格限制的情况下。 3 Describe the basic principle of evolutionary development and its two types 进化式开发的基本思想是先开发一个原型给用户使用，通过用户反馈意见来不断修改系统直到最后成熟，所以又被称作快速原型开发方法。它不主张将描述、开发和有效性验证等活动分开进行，而是让这些活动迭代执行，同时让这些活动能得到快速的反馈信息。 进化式开发有两种基本类型：探索式开发和抛弃式原型法。 4 Draw the graphic presentation of incremental delivery and describe its character 在这种开发方式中，系统不是作为一个整体交付，而是被分解成若干个增量，每个增量交付系统的部分功能。用户的需求按优先级排队，优先级最高的需求被放入最早交付的增量中。这样，优先级最高的系统功能就得到最多的测试，系统的可靠性较高。 5 Describe the characters of Spiral development. （对照模型去理解） 1) Process is represented as a spiral rather than as a sequence of activities with backtracking. 2) Each loop in the spiral represents a phase in the process. 3) No fixed phases such as specification or design - loops in the spiral are chosen depending on what is required. 4) Risks are explicitly asse