初中英语现在完成时讲解及练习.docVIP

第二讲 I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. exciting a.令人兴奋的, 使人激动的 receive v. 接受，收到 firm n. 商行，公司 different adj. 不同的 centre n. 中心 abroad adv. 在国外, 在海外的，在国外的 现在完成时 一、概念 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等。 三、结构 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他　否定式:主语 + havent/hasnt + 过去分词 + 其他　　疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?　　简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)　　　　　　 No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 非延续性动词：open, die, close, begin(start), finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换： leave → be away borrow → keep buy → have begin/start → be on die → be dead finish ／end ／stop→ be over open/close→ keep sth open/closed； join → be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构 fall ill → be ill get up → be up come /go /fall→ be become → be leave → be away from go (get) out → be out；put on → wear marry → be married wake up → be awake example: The old man died 4 years ago. → The old man has been dead for 4 years. → It is 4 years since the old man died. → Four years has passed since the old man died （2）动词的过去分词形式：通常一个动词的过去分词和他的过去式是一样的，在动词后面加ed构成过去分词，但是有一些动词的过去分词有不规则的形式　1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they ____what happened to him . 　　Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 　2、He has ______been to Shanghai