外文翻译--常用的结构体系原件.pdfVIP

Commonly Usedstructural Systems CCoommmmoonnllyy UUsseeddssttrruuccttuurraall SSyysstteemmss With loads measured in tens of thousands kips, there is little room in the design of high- rise buildings for excessively complex thoughts. Indeed, the better high-rise buildings carry the universaltraits of simplicityofthought and clarityofexpression. It does not follow that there is no room for grand thoughts. Indeed, it is with such grand thoughts that the new family of high-rise buildings has evolved. Perhaps more important, the new concepts ofbut afew yearsago have become commonplace intoday’ stechnology. Omitting some concepts that are related strictly to the materials of construction, the most commonlyused structuralsystems used inhigh-rise buildings canbecategorized asfollows: Moment-resisting frames. Braced frames, includingeccentrically braced frames. Shear walls, including steel plate shear walls. Tube-in-tube structures. Tube-in-tube structures. Core-interactive structures. Cellular orbundled-tube systems. Particularly with the recent trend toward more complex forms, but in response also to the need for increased stiffness to resist the forces from wind and earthquake, most high-rise buildings have structural systems built up of combinations of frames, braced bents, shear walls, and related systems. Further, for the taller buildings, the majorities are composed of interactive elements inthree-dimensionalarrays. The method ofcombining these elementsis the veryessence of the design process forhigh- rise buildings. These combinations need evolve in response to environmental, functional, and cost considerations so as to provide efficient structures that provoke the architectural development to new heights. This is not to say that imaginative structural design can create great architecture. To the contrary, manyexamples of fine architecture have beencreated