试谈材料相关概论(94页).pptVIP

Ceramics are inexpensive compared with competing materials. Consisting of silicon, aluminum, and oxygen: the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust ceramics can be produced at less cost than that of competing metal-alloy components. What sets ceramics apart is their set of properties common to nearly all forms: extreme hardness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, low electrical and thermal conductivity, and low ductility, or brittleness. Applications for advanced ceramics: use as parts in a future ceramic heat engine good candidates for wear-resistance applications Electrical properties place ceramics in great demand as solid electrolytes in experimental batteries and fuel cells. Corrosion resistance, chemical inertness, thermal shock resistance, and other properties that materials scientists and engineers can design into ceramic materials make both traditional and advanced ceramics highly attractive in a large number of applications. Question: Based on your knowledge of materials, define “ceramics” in its simplest form. Once you’ve done that, begin constructing a concept map that includes your definition of ceramics and the categories of traditional ceramics and advanced ceramics. hydbone Human bone Jet-Engine turborotor 关节 1.4 陶瓷的发展趋向 纳米陶瓷 nano-ceramic 特性： （1）原材料粉末 raw materials powder 颗粒为纳米级 nano-level grains； （2）微观结构 microstructures, 晶粒 grains, 晶界 interfaces，气孔 pores 以及 晶体缺陷 defects 同样在纳米 级 nano-level。 多相复合陶瓷 Multi-phase combination ceramics 纤维或晶须补强陶瓷：以陶瓷为基体，以各种组分的纤维或晶须作为补强剂所组成的多相复合结构的复合材料。 纤维或晶须补强陶瓷 颗粒弥散型复合陶瓷：在陶瓷基体 中加入弥散的不同化学组成的第二 相颗粒（产生弥散强化）所组成的 复相陶瓷。 颗粒弥散型复合陶瓷：在陶瓷基体 中加入弥散的不同化学组成的第二 相颗粒（产生弥散强化）所组成的 复相陶瓷。 颗粒弥散型复合陶瓷 两种晶型复合的复相陶瓷：同一化 学组成的物质经适当的工艺控制， 得到不同晶型和不同的颗粒形貌的 复相陶瓷，达到自补强的目的。 两种晶型复合的复相陶瓷：同一化 学组成的物质经适当的工艺控制， 得到不同晶型和不同的颗粒形貌的 复相陶瓷，达到自补强的目的。 有机和无机复合的复相陶瓷：介于 有机与无机材料之间，不需要高温 处理而获得的一种新型材料。 两种晶型复合的复相陶瓷：同一化 学组