托福阅读机经下载之中美洲文明发展史.doc

托福阅读机经下载之中美洲文明发展史 中美洲文明发展史中美洲文明的发展史 　　在2014年7月12日的托福阅读考试中有这样一道题：中美洲文明的发展史(the culture of Mesoamerica)。针对这道托福考题，新东方张俊聪老师来为大家普及一下关于中美洲文明的发展史的背景知识，这样有助于考生在面对这类题目时方便作答。新东方张俊聪老师指出：历史起源类主题的文章可谓是老少咸宜的文章。这一类文章通常段落结构清晰，主题明确，对背景的描述会比较详尽，不会出现因为背景知识的生疏而严重影响对于文章理解的情况。需要注意的是，必须提前对相关类型的TPO文章的生词熟悉，尽量减少生词恐惧带来的内耗。 　　托福阅读真题再现： 　　中美洲文明的发展史(the culture of Mesoamerica) 　　版本1:关于mesoamerican的发现，出现了中美洲的各种文明(提别是maya文明)，提到了金字塔地下的发现，后来强调了旅游景点也有大量可发现的价值。 　　版本2： 美国原始历史，提到玛雅文明，埃及金字塔，然后继续主题 　　新东方张俊聪解析： 　　解析： 　　历史起源类主题的文章可谓是老少咸宜的文章。这一类文章通常段落结构清晰，主题明确，对背景的描述会比较详尽，不会出现因为背景知识的生疏而严重影响对于文章理解的情况。需要注意的是，必须提前对相关类型的TPO文章的生词熟悉，尽量减少生词恐惧带来的内耗。推荐TPO8的文章The Rise of Teotihucan与TPO26的Sumer and the First Cities of the Ancient Near East。 　　相关背景： 　　Mesoamerica 　　Mesoamerica is a region and cultural area in the Americas, extending approximately from central Mexico to Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, within which a number of pre-Columbian societies flourished before theSpanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.[1][2] It is one of six areas in the world where ancient civilization arose independently, and the second in the Americas after Norte Chico (Caral-Supe) in present-day northern coastalPeru. 　　As a cultural area, Mesoamerica is defined by a mosaic of cultural traits developed and shared by its indigenous cultures. Beginning as early as 7000 BC, the domestication of maize, beans, squash and chili, as well as the turkey and dog, caused a transition from paleo-Indian hunter-gatherer tribal grouping to the organization of sedentary agricultural villages. In the subsequent formative period, agriculture and cultural traits such as a complex mythological and religious tradition, a vigesimalnumeric system, and a complex calendric system, a tradition of ball playing, and a distinct architectural style, were diffused through the area. Also in this period, villages began to become socially stratified and develop into chiefdoms with the development of larg