关系代词在定语从句中的用法.doc

关系代词在定语从句中的用法 一、判断定语从句引导词的一般规律： 1）who，whom，that用来指人，who，that在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不能省，做宾语时可以省，whom只能做宾语，也可以省。 eg: I love singers who/that write their own lyrics.（作主语） The man （who/whom/that） you want to meet has come.你要见的人来了。（作宾语） The man who /that gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist. （作主语） She is the old woman（ whom/that/who ）I saw this morning. （作宾语） 2）whose既可用来指代人也可用来指代事物，一般置于名词前,在从句中充当定语。 eg:This is the girl whose math book is lost. 这就是丢了数学书的女孩。（指人，作定语） The house whose windows are closed is mine. 窗户都关着的这栋房子就是我家。（指物，作定语） 3）which，that用来指代事物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 eg: They planted the trees which/that didn’t need much water.（指物，作主语） The fish (which/that) we bought were not fresh.（指物，作宾语） The train which/that has just left is for Shanghai. （指物，作主语） The noodles （which/that ）I cooked were delicious .（指物，作宾语） 二、注意在下面几种情况下必须用that而不用which引导定语从句： ①先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。 eg：All that we have to do is to practise every day. He won’t tell you anything that he has heard about it. ②先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。 eg：I have read all the books(that)you gave me. You can take any toy that you like. 你可以拿走你喜欢的任何玩具。 ③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。 eg：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. This is the best film I’ve ever seen. ④先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时， eg： The only language that? is easy to learn is the mother tongue. ?⑤先行词既有人又有物时， eg：They talked of things and persons that they remembered. ⑥. 由who或which提问的句子； eg:Which is the house that caught fire yesterday? 昨天失火的是那座房子？ Who is the man that is reading the book over there?（作主语） 三、通常使用which, 不用that的场合： 1.介词提到关系代词前时，如 for which , on which, in which, of which 等； eg:Dong guan is the place in which I was born.　that时。eg: What is that which you are holding in your hands? 四、用whom而不用who的情况:介词提到关系代词前时 eg: She is the girl with whom I went there. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. This is