初三英语语法之被动语态学习小结.docVIP

初三英语语法之被动语态学习小结 　 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态，我们可以从以下方面进行小结：一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例）结构：主语 + be + 过去分词时态：1. 一般现在时： am (is, are) done.2.带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done3. 一般过去时： was (were) done * 4. 一般将来时： will (shall) be done * 5. 现在进行时： am (is, are) being done6. 现在完成时： have (has) been done\ 二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。1．主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P)此结构不可用被动语态。(正) The flowers smell sweet.(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.2．主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V)此结构不可变被动语态。(正) An accident happened last night.(误) An accident was happened last night.3．主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V+ O)（1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语Children often sing this song This song is often sung by children.（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。We should listen to the teachers carefully.The teachers should be listened to carefully.4．主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO)（1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。He showed us a picture .We were shown a picture.（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等常用加for的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等A picture was shown to us.A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.5． 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+ V+ O + C)如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to” 。I saw him fall off the tree.He was seen to fall off the tree.6. be + 过去分词 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。 Im interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣。*7. 某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。The womans clothes sell well. 女装卖的快。This book sells best.这本书很畅销. ? ? 被动语态专项练习1一、选择题( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?A.Is; built B.Was; bulit C.Does; build D.Did; build( )2.An accident ____ on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened( )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow( )4.So far,the moon ____ by man already.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in th school hall next week.A.is given B.has been given C.will be