自考国际商务英语课文脉络笔记.pdfVIP

L1 International Business 1.商务知识 1.1 major differences between international business and domestic business A. differences in legal system B. differences in currencies C. differences in cultural background D. differences in natural and economic conditions 1.2 major types of international business A. trade a. commodity(visible) trade b. service(invisible) trade B. investment a. foreign direct investment(FDI) b.portfolio investment stocks, bonds or certificates of deposits C. other types a. licensing(high customs duty and non-tariff barrier, strong intellectual property protection) franchising(hotel and restaurant business) In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licenser, the franchiser has more control over and provides more suppoort for the franchisee. b. management contract and contract manufacturing c. turnkey project and BOT L2 Income Level and the World Market 1. 商务知识 1.1 GDP and GNP A. GDP market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy. B. GNP market value of all goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. 1.2 per capita income and per capita GDP 1.3 high income, middle income and low income countries A. H: annual per capita income of $9386 and above; 1). OECD; 2). rich oil producing countries of the Middle East; 3). small-industrialized countries or regions; B. M: annual per capita income below $9386 but above $765; 1). most East European countries; 2). most members of the Commonwealth of Independent States; 3). 6 OECD countries; 4). quite a number of Latin America countries; 5). some Asian countries; 6). South Africa, Libya, Nigeria and Algeria; C. L: annual per capita income