时势造英雄.pptVIP

Harcourt, Inc 1 - External Environment 時勢造英雄 The external environmentof business Business Cycle(景氣循環) Definition 指經濟環境中的各項活動，呈現波動循環狀態的現象。 Content 復甦期 擴張期 衰退期 蕭條期 景氣動向指標1(business cycle indicators) 編制單位 行政院經濟建設委員會 Content 領先指標 當經濟趨勢產生變化時，某些指標的變動較早，會領先反應經濟的變動稱之。 例如，製造業新接訂單指數變動率(%)… 景氣動向指標2(business cycle indicators) Content 同時指標 當經濟趨勢變動時，這些指標的變動與經濟趨勢變動相合稱之。 例如，製造業銷售值(新台幣十億元為單位)… 景氣對策信號 Meaning 是各國政府依據相關的經濟發展指標，選擇與當地經濟結構有關的項目，予以彙整編制，以利於推測未來的景氣發展狀況，並作為採取必要財政金融政策的參考依據。 景氣循環與景氣對策燈號 景氣對策訊號之編制方式 Question 外食 vs. 自己開伙 搭捷運 vs. 買機車… BMW漲價了… vs. MARCH漲價了… Understanding Demand1 Demand The quantity of products that people are willing to buy at different prices. Law of demand The economic theory stating that, all other things equal, the lower the price of a product or service, the larger the quantity demanded. Understanding Demand2 Demand curve A graph that illustrates how much of a given product people would be willing to buy at different prices. Elasticity of demand The responsiveness of consumers to changes in prices. Understanding Supply Supply The quantity of products that a business is willing to sell at different prices. Supply curve A graph that illustrates the quantity of product a business will offer for sale at different prices, regardless of demand. Example 情人節套餐…比平時貴… 電漿電視一吋一萬元… Interaction of Demand and Supply Demand-and-supply analysis can help predict the actions of competitors. Forms of Competition Perfect Competition A market characterized by a large number of small firms producing a nearly identical product and in which no firm is large enough to have any control over prices. 例如，農產品… Monopolistic Competition A market where a large number of firms produce similar products, but the products are perceived by buyers as different. 例如，TARA 電視、豐田汽車… Oligopoly A market where there are a small number of firms, usually large in size, that dominate an industry. 例如，可樂… Monopoly A market in which there is only one large organization that produces a product or service