文献_2014-Single-cell technologies for monitoring immune system.pdfVIP

r e v i e w focus on HIGH-DIME ns I onAL A nALY s I s of THE IMM un E s Ys TEM Single-cell technologies for monitoring immune systems 1 2 1 2 Pratip K Chattopadhyay , Todd M Gierahn , Mario Roederer J Christopher Love The complex heterogeneity of cells, and their interconnectedness with each other, are major challenges to identifying clinically relevant measurements that reflect the state and capability of the immune system. Highly multiplexed, single-cell technologies . d may be critical for identifying correlates of disease or immunological interventions as well as for elucidating the underlying e v mechanisms of immunity. Here we review limitations of bulk measurements and explore advances in single-cell technologies r e s that overcome these problems by expanding the depth and breadth of functional and phenotypic analysis in space and time. e r s The geometric increases in complexity of data make formidable hurdles for exploring, analyzing and presenting results. t h We summarize recent approaches to making such computations tractable and discuss challenges for integrating heterogeneous g i r l data obtained using these single-cell technologies. l A . c A wide variety of analytical measurements can be used to charac- Why do bulk measurements fail? n I , terize the state and capability of the immune system. The result- Many analytical technologies measure only the average response from a c i ing data help reveal the fundamental biology of immunity, provide a highly heterogeneous population of cells. These include enzyme- r e m insight into the evoluti