针对巴基斯坦农产品出口的壁垒：世界贸易组织实施动植物卫生检疫措施协定产生的作用外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 Barriers against Agricultural Exports from Pakistan: The Role of WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement Material Source: The Pakistan Development Review 42 : 4 Part II (Winter 2003) pp. 487–510 Author: KHALID MUSTAFA I. INTRODUCTION There has been growing recognition that Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreement can impede trade in agricultural and food products. Pakistan, in particular experiences problems in meeting the SPS requirements of developed countries and, it is claimed, this can seriously impede its ability to export agricultural and food products. Attempts have been made to reduce the trade distortive effects of SPS measures through, for example, the World Trade Organisation (WTO) SPS Agreement, although it is claimed that current initiatives fail to address many of the key problems experienced by Pakistan and other developing countries. The present paper explores implications of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreement on exports of agricultural and food products from Pakistan. It identifies the problems that Pakistan faces in meeting SPS requirements and how these relate to the nature of SPS measures and the compliance resources available to Government of Pakistan and the supply chain. The paper examines the impact of SPS agreement on the extent to which SPS measures impede exports from Pakistan. It identifies the problems that limit participation of Pakistan in the SPS agreement and its concerns about the way in which it currently operates. II. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY (SPS) AGREEMENT The SPS agreement concerns the application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures—in other words, food safety and animal and plant health regulations. The agreement recognises that governments have the right to take Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures but that they should be applied only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health and should not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminate between members